Blockchain.info Insecure Android Key Generation: Difference between revisions

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{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/blockchaininfoinsecureandroidkeygeneration.php}}
{{Case Study Under Construction}}{{Unattributed Sources}}
{{Unattributed Citations}}


[[File:Blockchaininfo.jpg|thumb|Blockchain.info]]The Blockchain.info web wallet had an issue where private keys generated on the Android platform were not being generated with proper randomization, allowing a thief to steal user funds. Between this and another attack affecting key generation on the Android platform, a total of over 59 bitcoins were taken from wallet users. It appears that this exploit only affected 3.5 BTC in two transactions. Blockchain.info provided refunds to affected users.
[[File:Blockchaininfo.jpg|thumb|Blockchain.info Logo/Homepage]]The Blockchain.info web wallet had an issue where private keys generated on the Android platform were not being generated with proper randomization, allowing a thief to steal user funds. Between this and another attack affecting key generation on the Android platform, a total of over 59 bitcoins were taken from wallet users. It appears that this exploit only affected 3.5 BTC in two transactions. Blockchain.info provided refunds to affected users.


This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.
<ref name="coindesk-7189" /><ref name="coindesk-7305" /><ref name="coindesk-7369" /><ref name="bitdegree-4729" />
<ref name="coindesk-7189" /><ref name="coindesk-7305" /><ref name="coindesk-7369" /><ref name="blockchaindotcom-7370" /><ref name="blockchaindotcom-4728" /><ref name="bitdegree-4729" /><ref name="investingdotcom-7203" /><ref name="bitcointalk-7312" />


== About Blockchain.info ==
== About Blockchain.info ==
"The world’s most popular crypto wallet. Over 80 million wallets created to buy, sell, and earn crypto." "As they say, not your keys, not your crypto. Blockchain.com Private Key Wallets are the most widely-used wallets for self-custody of your crypto. We make it easy for people who are ready to control their private keys to hold them with a Secret Private Key Recovery Phrase." "When it comes to ensuring that your crypto is secure, we think about every last detail so you don’t have to."
"The world’s most popular crypto wallet. Over 80 million wallets created to buy, sell, and earn crypto." "As they say, not your keys, not your crypto. Blockchain.com Private Key Wallets are the most widely-used wallets for self-custody of your crypto. We make it easy for people who are ready to control their private keys to hold them with a Secret Private Key Recovery Phrase." "When it comes to ensuring that your crypto is secure, we think about every last detail so you don’t have to."


"The popular Blockchain website primarily offers market data and serves as the main block chain explorer for the bitcoin currency. However, users can also create web-based wallets to send and receive bitcoins."
"The popular Blockchain website primarily offers market data and serves as the main block chain explorer for the bitcoin currency. However, users can also create web-based wallets to send and receive bitcoins."<ref name="bitdegree-4729" />


"Another bug has been discovered in a bitcoin wallet, leading to the theft of around 50 bitcoins." "[B]itcoins are reportedly being stolen from compromised addresses. Over 55 bitcoins are said to have been sent to this address from compromised addresses."
Homepage:<ref name="blockchaindotcom-4728" />
 
== The Reality ==
The blockchain.info wallet software contained a critical flaw in the key generation algorithm on Android mobile phones.
 
== What Happened ==
"Another bug has been discovered in a bitcoin wallet, leading to the theft of around 50 bitcoins."
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key Event Timeline - Blockchain.info Insecure Android Key Generation
!Date
!Event
!Description
|-
|July 23rd, 2013 1:34:00 PM MDT
|Theft Transaction
|This is believed to be the first of many blockchain transactions which started to drain bitcoin from vulnerable wallets.
|-
|August 20th, 2013 12:46:21 PM MDT
|BitcoinTalk Thread
|A thread on BitcoinTalk discusses the breached bitcoin addresses<ref name="bitcointalk-7312" />.
|}
 
== Technical Details ==
<ref name="blockchaindotcom-7370" />
 
"[B]itcoins are reportedly being stolen from compromised addresses. Over 55 bitcoins are said to have been sent to this address from compromised addresses."


"This problem will affect any Android-based bitcoin wallet user who has used a bitcoin address more than once. It means that a person could recover that user’s private signature by analyzing the transaction in the block chain, enabling them to spend bitcoins from that address."
"This problem will affect any Android-based bitcoin wallet user who has used a bitcoin address more than once. It means that a person could recover that user’s private signature by analyzing the transaction in the block chain, enabling them to spend bitcoins from that address."
Line 22: Line 45:
"The solution is to generate a new bitcoin address using a repaired version of the random number generator, and then to send all your money in your wallet back to yourself, according to Bitcoin.org. However, this relies on getting an updated version of your Android wallet if you're still going to use an Android-based app."
"The solution is to generate a new bitcoin address using a repaired version of the random number generator, and then to send all your money in your wallet back to yourself, according to Bitcoin.org. However, this relies on getting an updated version of your Android wallet if you're still going to use an Android-based app."


== Total Amount Lost ==
Over 55 bitcoin.<ref name="investingdotcom-7203" />
The total amount lost has been estimated at $5,000 USD.
== Immediate Reactions ==
TBD
== Ultimate Outcome ==
"Blockchain.info has released an update, according to Hearn, which allows users to manually rotate keys. Another update in the next few days will automatically send all coins controlled by previous keys to the new one."
"Blockchain.info has released an update, according to Hearn, which allows users to manually rotate keys. Another update in the next few days will automatically send all coins controlled by previous keys to the new one."


Line 33: Line 65:


For those looking to recover lost funds, Reeves told us: "If someone thinks they have had funds stolen, if it is due to this bug it is very likely the coins will have been sent to the above address. If in doubt they can contact help@blockchain.info and I will investigate further. Only a couple of BTC have been refunded so far."
For those looking to recover lost funds, Reeves told us: "If someone thinks they have had funds stolen, if it is due to this bug it is very likely the coins will have been sent to the above address. If in doubt they can contact help@blockchain.info and I will investigate further. Only a couple of BTC have been refunded so far."
Reeves hinted at a glimmer of hope for lost funds: "It depends on [the attacker's] intentions, but there is still a possibility they might return the funds." But the prevailing message is: don't bank on it.
This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.
The background of the exchange platform, service, or individuals involved, as it would have been seen or understood at the time of the events.
Include:
* Known history of when and how the service was started.
* What problems does the company or service claim to solve?
* What marketing materials were used by the firm or business?
* Audits performed, and excerpts that may have been included.
* Business registration documents shown (fake or legitimate).
* How were people recruited to participate?
* Public warnings and announcements prior to the event.
Don't Include:
* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.
* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.
There could be more than one section here. If the same platform is involved with multiple incidents, then it can be linked to a main article page.
== The Reality ==
This sections is included if a case involved deception or information that was unknown at the time. Examples include:
* When the service was actually started (if different than the "official story").
* Who actually ran a service and their own personal history.
* How the service was structured behind the scenes. (For example, there was no "trading bot".)
* Details of what audits reported and how vulnerabilities were missed during auditing.
== What Happened ==
The specific events of the loss and how it came about. What actually happened to cause the loss and some of the events leading up to it.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key Event Timeline - Blockchain.info Insecure Android Key Generation
!Date
!Event
!Description
|-
|July 23rd, 2013 1:34:00 PM
|Main Event
|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
|-
|
|
|
|}
== Total Amount Lost ==
The total amount lost has been estimated at $5,000 USD.
How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?
== Immediate Reactions ==
How did the various parties involved (firm, platform, management, and/or affected individual(s)) deal with the events? Were services shut down? Were announcements made? Were groups formed?
== Ultimate Outcome ==
What was the end result? Was any investigation done? Were any individuals prosecuted? Was there a lawsuit? Was any tracing done?


== Total Amount Recovered ==
== Total Amount Recovered ==
There do not appear to have been any funds recovered in this case.
There are reports of a couple of bitcoin being returned. There do not appear to have been any other funds recovered in this case.
 
What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?


== Ongoing Developments ==
== Ongoing Developments ==
What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?
Reeves hinted at a glimmer of hope for lost funds: "It depends on [the attacker's] intentions, but there is still a possibility they might return the funds." But the prevailing message is: don't bank on it.
 
== Prevention Policies ==
Which policies could have prevented this event from happening?


== References ==
== Individual Prevention Policies ==
<references><ref name="coindesk-7189">[https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/11/07/hackers-steal-12-million-of-bitcoins-from-inputsio-a-supposedly-secure-wallet-service/ Hackers steal $1.2 Million of bitcoins from Inputs.io, a wallet service] (Mar 14, 2022)</ref>
{{Prevention:Individuals:Placeholder}}


<ref name="coindesk-7305">[https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/08/21/blockchaininfo-issues-refunds-to-bitcoin-theft-victims/ Blockchain.info issues refunds to bitcoin theft victims - CoinDesk] (Mar 19, 2022)</ref>
{{Prevention:Individuals:End}}


<ref name="coindesk-7369">[https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/08/11/developers-find-android-flaw-that-makes-bitcoin-wallets-vulnerable-to-theft/ Developers find Android flaw that makes bitcoin wallets vulnerable] (Mar 20, 2022)</ref>
== Platform Prevention Policies ==
{{Prevention:Platforms:Placeholder}}


<ref name="blockchaindotcom-7370">[https://www.blockchain.com/btc/address/1HKywxiL4JziqXrzLKhmB6a74ma6kxbSDj Address: 1HKywxiL4JziqXrzLKhmB6a74ma6kxbSDj | Blockchain Explorer] (Mar 19, 2022)</ref>
{{Prevention:Platforms:End}}


<ref name="blockchaindotcom-4728">[https://www.blockchain.com/wallet/ Blockchain.com Wallet - Store and Invest in Crypto] (Dec 23, 2021)</ref>
== Regulatory Prevention Policies ==
{{Prevention:Regulators:Placeholder}}


<ref name="bitdegree-4729">[https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/blockchain-wallet-review Blockchain Wallet Review: Learn How To Buy Bitcoin On Blockchain] (Dec 23, 2021)</ref>
{{Prevention:Regulators:End}}


<ref name="investingdotcom-7203">[https://ca.investing.com/crypto/bitcoin/historical-data https://ca.investing.com/crypto/bitcoin/historical-data] (Mar 15, 2022)</ref>
== References ==
 
<references>
<ref name="bitcointalk-7312">[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=277595.msg2974140#msg2974140 <nowiki>Blockchain.info security [FUNDS STOLEN]</nowiki>] (Mar 19, 2022)</ref></references>
<ref name="coindesk-7189">[https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/11/07/hackers-steal-12-million-of-bitcoins-from-inputsio-a-supposedly-secure-wallet-service/ Hackers steal $1.2 Million of bitcoins from Inputs.io, a wallet service - CoinDesk] (Accessed Mar 14, 2022)</ref>
<ref name="coindesk-7305">[https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/08/21/blockchaininfo-issues-refunds-to-bitcoin-theft-victims/ Blockchain.info issues refunds to bitcoin theft victims - CoinDesk] (Accessed Mar 19, 2022)</ref>
<ref name="coindesk-7369">[https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/08/11/developers-find-android-flaw-that-makes-bitcoin-wallets-vulnerable-to-theft/ Developers find Android flaw that makes bitcoin wallets vulnerable - CoinDesk] (Accessed Mar 20, 2022)</ref>
<ref name="blockchaindotcom-7370">[https://www.blockchain.com/btc/address/1HKywxiL4JziqXrzLKhmB6a74ma6kxbSDj Address: 1HKywxiL4JziqXrzLKhmB6a74ma6kxbSDj - Blockchain Explorer] (Accessed Mar 19, 2022)</ref>
<ref name="blockchaindotcom-4728">[https://www.blockchain.com/wallet/ Blockchain.com Wallet Homepage] (Accessed Dec 24, 2021)</ref>
<ref name="bitdegree-4729">[https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/blockchain-wallet-review Blockchain Wallet Review: Learn How To Buy Bitcoin On Blockchain - BitDegree] (Accessed Dec 24, 2021)</ref>
<ref name="investingdotcom-7203">[https://ca.investing.com/crypto/bitcoin/historical-data Bitcoin Historic Pricing Data - Investing.com] (Accessed Mar 15, 2022)</ref>
<ref name="bitcointalk-7312">[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=277595.msg2974140#msg2974140 <nowiki>Blockchain.info security [FUNDS STOLEN] - BitcoinTalk</nowiki>] (Accessed Mar 19, 2022)</ref>
</references>

Latest revision as of 15:39, 13 September 2024

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Blockchain.info Logo/Homepage

The Blockchain.info web wallet had an issue where private keys generated on the Android platform were not being generated with proper randomization, allowing a thief to steal user funds. Between this and another attack affecting key generation on the Android platform, a total of over 59 bitcoins were taken from wallet users. It appears that this exploit only affected 3.5 BTC in two transactions. Blockchain.info provided refunds to affected users.

[1][2][3][4]

About Blockchain.info

"The world’s most popular crypto wallet. Over 80 million wallets created to buy, sell, and earn crypto." "As they say, not your keys, not your crypto. Blockchain.com Private Key Wallets are the most widely-used wallets for self-custody of your crypto. We make it easy for people who are ready to control their private keys to hold them with a Secret Private Key Recovery Phrase." "When it comes to ensuring that your crypto is secure, we think about every last detail so you don’t have to."

"The popular Blockchain website primarily offers market data and serves as the main block chain explorer for the bitcoin currency. However, users can also create web-based wallets to send and receive bitcoins."[4]

Homepage:[5]

The Reality

The blockchain.info wallet software contained a critical flaw in the key generation algorithm on Android mobile phones.

What Happened

"Another bug has been discovered in a bitcoin wallet, leading to the theft of around 50 bitcoins."

Key Event Timeline - Blockchain.info Insecure Android Key Generation
Date Event Description
July 23rd, 2013 1:34:00 PM MDT Theft Transaction This is believed to be the first of many blockchain transactions which started to drain bitcoin from vulnerable wallets.
August 20th, 2013 12:46:21 PM MDT BitcoinTalk Thread A thread on BitcoinTalk discusses the breached bitcoin addresses[6].

Technical Details

[7]

"[B]itcoins are reportedly being stolen from compromised addresses. Over 55 bitcoins are said to have been sent to this address from compromised addresses."

"This problem will affect any Android-based bitcoin wallet user who has used a bitcoin address more than once. It means that a person could recover that user’s private signature by analyzing the transaction in the block chain, enabling them to spend bitcoins from that address."

This flaw affects "the generation of private keys for bitcoin addresses. The repetition of random numbers enabled attackers to determine the private keys of users' wallets, which in turn enabled them to take ownership of the bitcoin addresses associated with those keys."

"Multiple Android clients were affected by that flaw (including Blockchain.info's client, for which it issued a patch)."

"The solution is to generate a new bitcoin address using a repaired version of the random number generator, and then to send all your money in your wallet back to yourself, according to Bitcoin.org. However, this relies on getting an updated version of your Android wallet if you're still going to use an Android-based app."

Total Amount Lost

Over 55 bitcoin.[8]

The total amount lost has been estimated at $5,000 USD.

Immediate Reactions

TBD

Ultimate Outcome

"Blockchain.info has released an update, according to Hearn, which allows users to manually rotate keys. Another update in the next few days will automatically send all coins controlled by previous keys to the new one."

"Patches have now been deployed, Please ensure you upgrade to the latest version of your Blockchain.info client."

"When asked about the identity of the attacker(s), Reeves confirmed that the attacker is an individual and that all stolen funds have been sent to [one bitcoin address]." "Significantly, funds transferred to that account also include funds taken from Android users earlier this month, suggesting that the same person could be behind the theft of bitcoins using both bugs."

"A list of the addresses affected by the random number generator bugs on both Blockchain and Android were published on the Bitcoin forum, and has also been updated with new finds."

"[T]he company is now offering refunds to users who lost bitcoins due to the flaw."

For those looking to recover lost funds, Reeves told us: "If someone thinks they have had funds stolen, if it is due to this bug it is very likely the coins will have been sent to the above address. If in doubt they can contact help@blockchain.info and I will investigate further. Only a couple of BTC have been refunded so far."

Total Amount Recovered

There are reports of a couple of bitcoin being returned. There do not appear to have been any other funds recovered in this case.

Ongoing Developments

Reeves hinted at a glimmer of hope for lost funds: "It depends on [the attacker's] intentions, but there is still a possibility they might return the funds." But the prevailing message is: don't bank on it.

Individual Prevention Policies

No specific policies for individual prevention have yet been identified in this case.

For the full list of how to protect your funds as an individual, check our Prevention Policies for Individuals guide.

Platform Prevention Policies

Policies for platforms to take to prevent this situation have not yet been selected in this case.

For the full list of how to protect your funds as a financial service, check our Prevention Policies for Platforms guide.

Regulatory Prevention Policies

No specific regulatory policies have yet been identified in this case.

For the full list of regulatory policies that can prevent loss, check our Prevention Policies for Regulators guide.

References

  1. ↑ Hackers steal $1.2 Million of bitcoins from Inputs.io, a wallet service - CoinDesk (Accessed Mar 14, 2022)
  2. ↑ Blockchain.info issues refunds to bitcoin theft victims - CoinDesk (Accessed Mar 19, 2022)
  3. ↑ Developers find Android flaw that makes bitcoin wallets vulnerable - CoinDesk (Accessed Mar 20, 2022)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Blockchain Wallet Review: Learn How To Buy Bitcoin On Blockchain - BitDegree (Accessed Dec 24, 2021)
  5. ↑ Blockchain.com Wallet Homepage (Accessed Dec 24, 2021)
  6. ↑ Blockchain.info security [FUNDS STOLEN] - BitcoinTalk (Accessed Mar 19, 2022)
  7. ↑ Address: 1HKywxiL4JziqXrzLKhmB6a74ma6kxbSDj - Blockchain Explorer (Accessed Mar 19, 2022)
  8. ↑ Bitcoin Historic Pricing Data - Investing.com (Accessed Mar 15, 2022)
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