Vortex ChainSwap Breach - Revision history

Azoundria at 17:49, 3 May 2023

2023-05-03T17:49:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 3 May 2023
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	{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/vortexchainswapbreach.php}}		{{Imported Case Study 2\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/vortexchainswapbreach.php}}
	{{Unattributed Sources}}		{{Unattributed Sources}}

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	The ChainSwap bridge was hacked, and the attacker was able to obtain tokens, which were sold, lowering the price. It appears that Vortex DeFi plans to continue using ChainSwap, as they announced a new bridge being set up on August 26th.		The ChainSwap bridge was hacked, and the attacker was able to obtain tokens, which were sold, lowering the price. It appears that Vortex DeFi plans to continue using ChainSwap, as they announced a new bridge being set up on August 26th.

	This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.		This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.<ref name="theblockbeats-2619" /><ref name="chainswapmedium-2627" /><ref name="etherscan-2628" /><ref name="decrypt-2629" /><ref name="chainswaptwitter-2624" /><ref name="halborn-2630" /><ref name="cryptobriefing-2631" /><ref name="chainswapmedium-3239" /><ref name="rektnews-3240" /><ref name="openblocksecgithub-2342" /><ref name="chainswaptwitter-3320" /><ref name="chainswapmedium-3321" /><ref name="vortexdefi-3322" /><ref name="vortexdefimedium-3323" /><ref name="vortexdefitwitter-3324" /><ref name="vortexdefitwitter-3325" /><ref name="vortexdefimedium-3326" /><ref name="etherscan-3327" /><ref name="etherscan-3328" /><ref name="etherscan-3329" /><ref name="etherscan-3330" /><ref name="etherscan-3266" /><ref name="bscscan-3297" /><ref name="coinmarketcap-3331" /><ref name="losslesscashmedium-7654" /><ref name="cryptopotato-7657" />
	<ref name="theblockbeats-2619" /><ref name="chainswapmedium-2627" /><ref name="etherscan-2628" /><ref name="decrypt-2629" /><ref name="chainswaptwitter-2624" /><ref name="halborn-2630" /><ref name="cryptobriefing-2631" /><ref name="chainswapmedium-3239" /><ref name="rektnews-3240" /><ref name="openblocksecgithub-2342" /><ref name="chainswaptwitter-3320" /><ref name="chainswapmedium-3321" /><ref name="vortexdefi-3322" /><ref name="vortexdefimedium-3323" /><ref name="vortexdefitwitter-3324" /><ref name="vortexdefitwitter-3325" /><ref name="vortexdefimedium-3326" /><ref name="etherscan-3327" /><ref name="etherscan-3328" /><ref name="etherscan-3329" /><ref name="etherscan-3330" /><ref name="etherscan-3266" /><ref name="bscscan-3297" /><ref name="coinmarketcap-3331" /><ref name="losslesscashmedium-7654" /><ref name="cryptopotato-7657" />

	== About Vortex DeFi ==		== About Vortex DeFi ==
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	!Description		!Description
	\|-		\|-
	\|July 11th, 2021 ~~12:00:00 AM~~		\|July 11th, 2021
	\|Main Event		\|Main Event
	\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.		\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
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	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

			== Technical Details ==
			This section includes specific detailed technical analysis of any security breaches which happened. What specific software vulnerabilities contributed to the problem and how were they exploited?

	== Total Amount Lost ==		== Total Amount Lost ==
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	== Ongoing Developments ==		== Ongoing Developments ==
	What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?		What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?
			== General Prevention Policies ==
	== Prevention Policies ==
	Theoretically, decentralized finance will eventually result in hackers having exploited every vulnerability that exists. However, it's impossible to know when that will occur and if a contract is truly secure, as opposed to there still being an exploit that just hasn't been noticed yet. For any complex smart contract, it's impossible to prove security and plenty of fully audited contracts have been exploited.		Theoretically, decentralized finance will eventually result in hackers having exploited every vulnerability that exists. However, it's impossible to know when that will occur and if a contract is truly secure, as opposed to there still being an exploit that just hasn't been noticed yet. For any complex smart contract, it's impossible to prove security and plenty of fully audited contracts have been exploited.

	In this situation, there was luckily not much taken. Platforms should, generally, be prepared for the full loss of all assets stored in hot wallets (including smart contracts). Assets that do not need to be accessed quickly should be stored securely in a simple offline multi-signature wallet.		In this situation, there was luckily not much taken. Platforms should, generally, be prepared for the full loss of all assets stored in hot wallets (including smart contracts). Assets that do not need to be accessed quickly should be stored securely in a simple offline multi-signature wallet.
			== Individual Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Individuals:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Individuals:End}}

			== Platform Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Platforms:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Platforms:End}}

			== Regulatory Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Regulators:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Regulators:End}}

	== References ==		== References ==

Azoundria at 03:51, 23 February 2023

2023-02-23T03:51:40Z

Azoundria: Created page with "{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/vortexchainswapbreach.php}} Vortex DeFiVortex DeFi is a service which enables yield management, NFTs, swapping, and insurance. Their token used ChainSwap to exist on multiple blockchains, which required some funds to be stored in the smart contract hot wallet. The ChainSwap bridge was hacked, and the attacker was able to obtain tokens, which were sold, lowering the p..."

2023-01-27T21:00:59Z

Created page with "{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/vortexchainswapbreach.php}} thumb|Vortex DeFiVortex DeFi is a service which enables yield management, NFTs, swapping, and insurance. Their token used ChainSwap to exist on multiple blockchains, which required some funds to be stored in the smart contract hot wallet. The ChainSwap bridge was hacked, and the attacker was able to obtain tokens, which were sold, lowering the p..."

New page

{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/vortexchainswapbreach.php}}

[[File:Vortexdefi.jpg|thumb|Vortex DeFi]]Vortex DeFi is a service which enables yield management, NFTs, swapping, and insurance. Their token used ChainSwap to exist on multiple blockchains, which required some funds to be stored in the smart contract hot wallet.

The ChainSwap bridge was hacked, and the attacker was able to obtain tokens, which were sold, lowering the price. It appears that Vortex DeFi plans to continue using ChainSwap, as they announced a new bridge being set up on August 26th.

This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.

== About Vortex DeFi ==
"Unlock the world Of Decentralized Finance." "Vortex DeFi is a gateway to the world of DeFi, bringing all the DeFi instruments such as yield management, NFT, swapping, and insurance together on one platform, creating a seamless experience for the end-user."

"We aim to bring together leading protocols and platforms to allow honest farmers to leverage the maximum potential of decentralized finance." "Swap assets in an instant with liquidity from multiple decentralised exchanges."

"Vortex DeFi token is now live on ChainSwap. You can bridge VTX to ETH and BSC using ChainSwap!"

"ChainSwap is a bridge protocol that links the Ethereum and Binance Smart Chain (BSC) blockchains." "It supports Binance Smart Chain, Ethereum, Polygon, and Huobi Eco Chain." "The ChainSwap hacker identified and exploited a vulnerability in the ChainSwap smart contract. This vulnerability enabled them to steal and mint new tokens for various protocols that were using the bridge to trade across Ethereum and BSC."

Investigation by ChainSwap revealed "a bug in the token cross-chain quota code. The on-chain swap bridge quota is automatically increased by the signature node, which is intended to be more decentralized without manual control. However, due to a logical flaw in code, this led to an exploit by allowing invalid addresses which weren’t whitelisted to automatically increase the amount."

"The attacker managed to take control of the projects’ BSC contracts by exploiting ChainSwap. The attacker minted tokens directly to their address, then sold them on BSC’s most popular decentralized exchange, PancakeSwap." "[T]he attacker used the PancakeSwap exchange to convert the stolen tokens to WBNB, DAI, and other tokens."

"Dear Vortex DeFi community, as you are aware that today @chain_swap contracts were exploited which impacted multiple projects including us."

"Chainswap’s contracts were attacked by hackers on 10th July, Saturday around 3–4 PM EST. As a result of this exploit, hackers were successful in stealing tokens for more than 10 projects including, Vortex DeFi, Dafi, Option Room, Razor, Nord Finance, Oro, Antimatter, and others. During this process, close to 4 million $VTX tokens were compromised and sold by the hacker on Uniswap."

"Approximately two hours before the @chain_swap hack, close to 4 million $VTX tokens on the Ethereum mainnet came under the control of the hacker through the @chain_swap bridge contract." "Once the tokens came under control, it was sold through Uniswap [in] two transactions causing a massive price crash and removing close to 30–35 eth worth liquidity from the market." "Based on the transactions, it is highly likely that the attacker has sold all the tokens. $VTX can be traded on Pancakeswap and Uniswap."

"Vortex DeFi’s smart contract for $VTX (audited by Zokyo)and the other two staking contracts remain unaffected."

"Chainswap said it had already repurchased a small amount of the affected tokens from the market and returned the contract wallet. The rest will be paid out in full by the Chainswap vault." "ChainSwap team has now prepared and executed a compensation plan in consensus with the affected projects." "In order to bring everybody a more rigorous, efficient bridge, the next development model of ChainSwap will be adjusted to ensure maximum safety."

"For now, Chainswap has temporarily closed its cross-chain bridge." "ChainSwap worked with the police and OKEx to identify the attackers, and managed to negotiate the recovery of Corra and Rai tokens. An initial email with the attackers suggested the attackers return $1 million."

“Sorry for the trouble, you sound genuinely like great people but money is money,” the attackers of the earlier exploit told ChainSwap.

"ChainSwap is excited to announce that we have successfully integrated with Anyswap and Chainswap bridge is now live. We thank our community for its patience during the last few weeks."

This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.

The background of the exchange platform, service, or individuals involved, as it would have been seen or understood at the time of the events.

Include:

* Known history of when and how the service was started.
* What problems does the company or service claim to solve?
* What marketing materials were used by the firm or business?
* Audits performed, and excerpts that may have been included.
* Business registration documents shown (fake or legitimate).
* How were people recruited to participate?
* Public warnings and announcements prior to the event.

Don't Include:
* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.
* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.
There could be more than one section here. If the same platform is involved with multiple incidents, then it can be linked to a main article page.

== The Reality ==
This sections is included if a case involved deception or information that was unknown at the time. Examples include:

* When the service was actually started (if different than the "official story").
* Who actually ran a service and their own personal history.
* How the service was structured behind the scenes. (For example, there was no "trading bot".)
* Details of what audits reported and how vulnerabilities were missed during auditing.

== What Happened ==
The specific events of the loss and how it came about. What actually happened to cause the loss and some of the events leading up to it.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key Event Timeline - Vortex ChainSwap Breach
!Date
!Event
!Description
|-
|July 11th, 2021 12:00:00 AM
|Main Event
|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
|-
|
|
|
|}

== Total Amount Lost ==
The total amount lost has been estimated at $68,000 USD.

How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?

== Immediate Reactions ==
How did the various parties involved (firm, platform, management, and/or affected individual(s)) deal with the events? Were services shut down? Were announcements made? Were groups formed?

== Ultimate Outcome ==
What was the end result? Was any investigation done? Were any individuals prosecuted? Was there a lawsuit? Was any tracing done?

== Total Amount Recovered ==
There do not appear to have been any funds recovered in this case.

What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?

== Ongoing Developments ==
What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?

== Prevention Policies ==
Theoretically, decentralized finance will eventually result in hackers having exploited every vulnerability that exists. However, it's impossible to know when that will occur and if a contract is truly secure, as opposed to there still being an exploit that just hasn't been noticed yet. For any complex smart contract, it's impossible to prove security and plenty of fully audited contracts have been exploited.

In this situation, there was luckily not much taken. Platforms should, generally, be prepared for the full loss of all assets stored in hot wallets (including smart contracts). Assets that do not need to be accessed quickly should be stored securely in a simple offline multi-signature wallet.

== References ==
[https://www.theblockbeats.com/en/news/25348 Chainswap Black Sunday, over 20 DEFI projects were stolen - 律动BlockBeats] (Aug 23)

[https://chain-swap.medium.com/chainswap-exploit-11-july-2021-post-mortem-6e4e346e5a32 ChainSwap Exploit 11 July 2021 Post-Mortem | by ChainSwap | Medium] (Aug 23)

[https://etherscan.io/address/0x06c24002f43e3AF904EeEc581734EA3A7DbF355E#code MappableToken | 0x06c24002f43e3AF904EeEc581734EA3A7DbF355E] (Aug 23)

[https://decrypt.co/75698/chainswap-exploit-leads-to-multi-million-loss-for-defi-tokens ChainSwap Exploit Leads to Multi-Million Loss For DeFi Tokens - Decrypt] (Aug 23)

[https://twitter.com/chain_swap/status/1414019554603307017 @chain_swap Twitter] (Aug 23)

[https://halborn.com/explained-the-chainswap-hack-july-2021/ Explained: The ChainSwap Hack (July 2021) - Halborn] (Aug 23)

[https://cryptobriefing.com/8-million-lost-major-chainswap-exploit/ $8 Million Lost in Major ChainSwap Exploit | Crypto Briefing] (Aug 23)

[https://chain-swap.medium.com/chainswap-re-launch-we-are-live-5e85d2f9c80f ChainSwap re-launch, we are live. ChainSwap is excited to announce that… | by ChainSwap | Medium] (Aug 28)

[https://www.rekt.news/chainswap-rekt/ Rekt - ChainSwap - REKT] (Aug 28)

[https://github.com/openblocksec/blocksec-incidents/blob/main/defi/2021.md blocksec-incidents/2021.md at main · openblocksec/blocksec-incidents · GitHub] (Aug 10)

[https://twitter.com/chain_swap/status/1430909985555320845 @chain_swap Twitter] (Sep 14)

[https://chain-swap.medium.com/chainswap-bridges-vtx-to-bsc-and-lists-vtx-6115db65411a ChainSwap bridges VTX to BSC and lists VTX - ChainSwap - Medium] (Sep 14)

[https://vortexdefi.com/ Vortex] (Sep 14)

[https://vortexdefi.medium.com/guide-to-mint-vtx-bep2o-with-the-chain-swap-binance-smart-chain-bridge-e12e2f9c83a0 Guide To Mint Vtx Bep2o With The Chain Swap Binance Smart Chain Bridge] (Sep 20)

[https://twitter.com/VortexDefi/status/1414169701123457024 @VortexDefi Twitter] (Sep 20)

[https://twitter.com/VortexDefi/status/1430917437793476614 @VortexDefi Twitter] (Sep 20)

[https://vortexdefi.medium.com/message-about-chainswap-hack-aa2a15c5d24d Message About Chainswap Hack] (Sep 20)

[https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa95520d1f49e75ab481b9e5d7b77493ab05f155b38cc91e6d005686a1bb96c98 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details | Etherscan] (Sep 20)

[https://etherscan.io/tx/0xb405f00efef5d2a33dedff60c1bb19879a0993e0677a59d01fd9ed4bfd966398 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details | Etherscan] (Sep 20)

[https://etherscan.io/tx/0x340fafcd074d81e7e9dd1252f72e884abed5457911563f20a2ff7ca2d6353be8 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details | Etherscan] (Sep 20)

[https://etherscan.io/tx/0xcf75e25bb9b83a8c67d5478760a8629df4a2df545aef37180654dc3ba97c0ed4 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details | Etherscan] (Sep 20)

[https://etherscan.io/address/0xEda5066780dE29D00dfb54581A707ef6F52D8113 Address 0xEda5066780dE29D00dfb54581A707ef6F52D8113 | Etherscan] (Sep 20)

[https://bscscan.com/address/0xeda5066780de29d00dfb54581a707ef6f52d8113 Address 0xeda5066780de29d00dfb54581a707ef6f52d8113 | BscScan] (Sep 20)

[https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/vortex-defi/ Vortex Defi price today, VTX to USD live, marketcap and chart | CoinMarketCap] (Sep 20)

[https://losslesscash.medium.com/chainswap-post-mortem-deep-dive-into-the-exploit-b5e7d2f58758 Chainswap Post Mortem Deep Dive Into The Exploit] (May 7)

[https://cryptopotato.com/random-numbers-dont-lie-a-closer-technical-look-into-recent-defi-hacks/ Random Numbers Don’t Lie: A Closer Technical Look into Recent DeFi Hacks] (May 7)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:51, 22 February 2023
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	{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/vortexchainswapbreach.php}}		{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/vortexchainswapbreach.php}}
			{{Unattributed Sources}}

	[[File:Vortexdefi.jpg\|thumb\|Vortex DeFi]]Vortex DeFi is a service which enables yield management, NFTs, swapping, and insurance. Their token used ChainSwap to exist on multiple blockchains, which required some funds to be stored in the smart contract hot wallet.		[[File:Vortexdefi.jpg\|thumb\|Vortex DeFi]]Vortex DeFi is a service which enables yield management, NFTs, swapping, and insurance. Their token used ChainSwap to exist on multiple blockchains, which required some funds to be stored in the smart contract hot wallet.
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	This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.		This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.
			<ref name="theblockbeats-2619" /><ref name="chainswapmedium-2627" /><ref name="etherscan-2628" /><ref name="decrypt-2629" /><ref name="chainswaptwitter-2624" /><ref name="halborn-2630" /><ref name="cryptobriefing-2631" /><ref name="chainswapmedium-3239" /><ref name="rektnews-3240" /><ref name="openblocksecgithub-2342" /><ref name="chainswaptwitter-3320" /><ref name="chainswapmedium-3321" /><ref name="vortexdefi-3322" /><ref name="vortexdefimedium-3323" /><ref name="vortexdefitwitter-3324" /><ref name="vortexdefitwitter-3325" /><ref name="vortexdefimedium-3326" /><ref name="etherscan-3327" /><ref name="etherscan-3328" /><ref name="etherscan-3329" /><ref name="etherscan-3330" /><ref name="etherscan-3266" /><ref name="bscscan-3297" /><ref name="coinmarketcap-3331" /><ref name="losslesscashmedium-7654" /><ref name="cryptopotato-7657" />

	== About Vortex DeFi ==		== About Vortex DeFi ==
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	== References ==		== References ==
	[https://www.theblockbeats.com/en/news/25348 Chainswap Black Sunday, over 20 DEFI projects were stolen - 律动BlockBeats] (Aug 23)		<references><ref name="theblockbeats-2619">[https://www.theblockbeats.com/en/news/25348 Chainswap Black Sunday, over 20 DEFI projects were stolen - 律动BlockBeats] (Aug 24, 2021)</ref>

	[https://chain-swap.medium.com/chainswap-exploit-11-july-2021-post-mortem-6e4e346e5a32 ChainSwap Exploit 11 July 2021 Post-Mortem \| by ChainSwap \| Medium] (Aug 23)		<ref name="chainswapmedium-2627">[https://chain-swap.medium.com/chainswap-exploit-11-july-2021-post-mortem-6e4e346e5a32 ChainSwap Exploit 11 July 2021 Post-Mortem \| by ChainSwap \| Medium] (Aug 24, 2021)</ref>

	[https://etherscan.io/address/0x06c24002f43e3AF904EeEc581734EA3A7DbF355E#code MappableToken \| 0x06c24002f43e3AF904EeEc581734EA3A7DbF355E] (Aug 23)		<ref name="etherscan-2628">[https://etherscan.io/address/0x06c24002f43e3AF904EeEc581734EA3A7DbF355E#code MappableToken \| 0x06c24002f43e3AF904EeEc581734EA3A7DbF355E] (Aug 24, 2021)</ref>

	[https://decrypt.co/75698/chainswap-exploit-leads-to-multi-million-loss-for-defi-tokens ChainSwap Exploit Leads to Multi-Million Loss For DeFi Tokens - Decrypt] (Aug 23)		<ref name="decrypt-2629">[https://decrypt.co/75698/chainswap-exploit-leads-to-multi-million-loss-for-defi-tokens ChainSwap Exploit Leads to Multi-Million Loss For DeFi Tokens - Decrypt] (Aug 24, 2021)</ref>

	[https://twitter.com/chain_swap/status/1414019554603307017 @chain_swap Twitter] (Aug 23)		<ref name="chainswaptwitter-2624">[https://twitter.com/chain_swap/status/1414019554603307017 @chain_swap Twitter] (Aug 24, 2021)</ref>

	[https://halborn.com/explained-the-chainswap-hack-july-2021/ Explained: The ChainSwap Hack (July 2021) - Halborn] (Aug 23)		<ref name="halborn-2630">[https://halborn.com/explained-the-chainswap-hack-july-2021/ Explained: The ChainSwap Hack (July 2021) - Halborn] (Aug 24, 2021)</ref>

	[https://cryptobriefing.com/8-million-lost-major-chainswap-exploit/ $8 Million Lost in Major ChainSwap Exploit \| Crypto Briefing] (Aug 23)		<ref name="cryptobriefing-2631">[https://cryptobriefing.com/8-million-lost-major-chainswap-exploit/ $8 Million Lost in Major ChainSwap Exploit \| Crypto Briefing] (Aug 24, 2021)</ref>

	[https://chain-swap.medium.com/chainswap-re-launch-we-are-live-5e85d2f9c80f ChainSwap re-launch, we are live. ChainSwap is excited to announce that… \| by ChainSwap \| Medium] (Aug 28)		<ref name="chainswapmedium-3239">[https://chain-swap.medium.com/chainswap-re-launch-we-are-live-5e85d2f9c80f ChainSwap re-launch, we are live. ChainSwap is excited to announce that… \| by ChainSwap \| Medium] (Aug 29, 2021)</ref>

	[https://www.rekt.news/chainswap-rekt/ Rekt - ChainSwap - REKT] (Aug 28)		<ref name="rektnews-3240">[https://www.rekt.news/chainswap-rekt/ Rekt - ChainSwap - REKT] (Aug 29, 2021)</ref>

	[https://github.com/openblocksec/blocksec-incidents/blob/main/defi/2021.md blocksec-incidents/2021.md at main · openblocksec/blocksec-incidents · GitHub] (Aug 10)		<ref name="openblocksecgithub-2342">[https://github.com/openblocksec/blocksec-incidents/blob/main/defi/2021.md blocksec-incidents/2021.md at main · openblocksec/blocksec-incidents · GitHub] (Aug 11, 2021)</ref>

	[https://twitter.com/chain_swap/status/1430909985555320845 @chain_swap Twitter] (Sep 14)		<ref name="chainswaptwitter-3320">[https://twitter.com/chain_swap/status/1430909985555320845 @chain_swap Twitter] (Sep 15, 2021)</ref>

	[https://chain-swap.medium.com/chainswap-bridges-vtx-to-bsc-and-lists-vtx-6115db65411a ChainSwap bridges VTX to BSC and lists VTX - ChainSwap - Medium] (Sep 14)		<ref name="chainswapmedium-3321">[https://chain-swap.medium.com/chainswap-bridges-vtx-to-bsc-and-lists-vtx-6115db65411a ChainSwap bridges VTX to BSC and lists VTX - ChainSwap - Medium] (Sep 15, 2021)</ref>

	[https://vortexdefi.com/ Vortex] (Sep 14)		<ref name="vortexdefi-3322">[https://vortexdefi.com/ Vortex] (Sep 15, 2021)</ref>

	[https://vortexdefi.medium.com/guide-to-mint-vtx-bep2o-with-the-chain-swap-binance-smart-chain-bridge-e12e2f9c83a0 Guide To Mint Vtx Bep2o With The Chain Swap Binance Smart Chain Bridge] (Sep 20)		<ref name="vortexdefimedium-3323">[https://vortexdefi.medium.com/guide-to-mint-vtx-bep2o-with-the-chain-swap-binance-smart-chain-bridge-e12e2f9c83a0 Guide To Mint Vtx Bep2o With The Chain Swap Binance Smart Chain Bridge] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://twitter.com/VortexDefi/status/1414169701123457024 @VortexDefi Twitter] (Sep 20)		<ref name="vortexdefitwitter-3324">[https://twitter.com/VortexDefi/status/1414169701123457024 @VortexDefi Twitter] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://twitter.com/VortexDefi/status/1430917437793476614 @VortexDefi Twitter] (Sep 20)		<ref name="vortexdefitwitter-3325">[https://twitter.com/VortexDefi/status/1430917437793476614 @VortexDefi Twitter] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://vortexdefi.medium.com/message-about-chainswap-hack-aa2a15c5d24d Message About Chainswap Hack] (Sep 20)		<ref name="vortexdefimedium-3326">[https://vortexdefi.medium.com/message-about-chainswap-hack-aa2a15c5d24d Message About Chainswap Hack] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa95520d1f49e75ab481b9e5d7b77493ab05f155b38cc91e6d005686a1bb96c98 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details \| Etherscan] (Sep 20)		<ref name="etherscan-3327">[https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa95520d1f49e75ab481b9e5d7b77493ab05f155b38cc91e6d005686a1bb96c98 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details \| Etherscan] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://etherscan.io/tx/0xb405f00efef5d2a33dedff60c1bb19879a0993e0677a59d01fd9ed4bfd966398 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details \| Etherscan] (Sep 20)		<ref name="etherscan-3328">[https://etherscan.io/tx/0xb405f00efef5d2a33dedff60c1bb19879a0993e0677a59d01fd9ed4bfd966398 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details \| Etherscan] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://etherscan.io/tx/0x340fafcd074d81e7e9dd1252f72e884abed5457911563f20a2ff7ca2d6353be8 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details \| Etherscan] (Sep 20)		<ref name="etherscan-3329">[https://etherscan.io/tx/0x340fafcd074d81e7e9dd1252f72e884abed5457911563f20a2ff7ca2d6353be8 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details \| Etherscan] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://etherscan.io/tx/0xcf75e25bb9b83a8c67d5478760a8629df4a2df545aef37180654dc3ba97c0ed4 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details \| Etherscan] (Sep 20)		<ref name="etherscan-3330">[https://etherscan.io/tx/0xcf75e25bb9b83a8c67d5478760a8629df4a2df545aef37180654dc3ba97c0ed4 Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details \| Etherscan] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://etherscan.io/address/0xEda5066780dE29D00dfb54581A707ef6F52D8113 Address 0xEda5066780dE29D00dfb54581A707ef6F52D8113 \| Etherscan] (Sep 20)		<ref name="etherscan-3266">[https://etherscan.io/address/0xEda5066780dE29D00dfb54581A707ef6F52D8113 Address 0xEda5066780dE29D00dfb54581A707ef6F52D8113 \| Etherscan] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://bscscan.com/address/0xeda5066780de29d00dfb54581a707ef6f52d8113 Address 0xeda5066780de29d00dfb54581a707ef6f52d8113 \| BscScan] (Sep 20)		<ref name="bscscan-3297">[https://bscscan.com/address/0xeda5066780de29d00dfb54581a707ef6f52d8113 Address 0xeda5066780de29d00dfb54581a707ef6f52d8113 \| BscScan] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/vortex-defi/ Vortex Defi price today, VTX to USD live, marketcap and chart \| CoinMarketCap] (Sep 20)		<ref name="coinmarketcap-3331">[https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/vortex-defi/ Vortex Defi price today, VTX to USD live, marketcap and chart \| CoinMarketCap] (Sep 21, 2021)</ref>

	[https://losslesscash.medium.com/chainswap-post-mortem-deep-dive-into-the-exploit-b5e7d2f58758 Chainswap Post Mortem Deep Dive Into The Exploit] (May 7)		<ref name="losslesscashmedium-7654">[https://losslesscash.medium.com/chainswap-post-mortem-deep-dive-into-the-exploit-b5e7d2f58758 Chainswap Post Mortem Deep Dive Into The Exploit] (May 7, 2022)</ref>

	[https://cryptopotato.com/random-numbers-dont-lie-a-closer-technical-look-into-recent-defi-hacks/ Random Numbers Don’t Lie: A Closer Technical Look into Recent DeFi Hacks] (May 7)		<ref name="cryptopotato-7657">[https://cryptopotato.com/random-numbers-dont-lie-a-closer-technical-look-into-recent-defi-hacks/ Random Numbers Don’t Lie: A Closer Technical Look into Recent DeFi Hacks] (May 7, 2022)</ref></references>