Azoundria: Created page with "{{Imported Case Study With About|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/utopiaspheresecondflashloanexploit.php}} {{Unattributed Sources}} UtopiaSphere Logo/HomepageUtopiaSphere (UPS) is a decentralized blockchain platform which offers a trading system, NFT marketplace, games, and social features. On July 21st, the platform was exploited through a flash loan attack, allowing $521k to be removed from the smart contract. The pla..."

2024-10-18T23:53:09Z

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{{Imported Case Study With About|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/utopiaspheresecondflashloanexploit.php}}
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[[File:Utopiasphere.jpg|thumb|UtopiaSphere Logo/Homepage]]UtopiaSphere (UPS) is a decentralized blockchain platform which offers a trading system, NFT marketplace, games, and social features. On July 21st, the platform was exploited through a flash loan attack, allowing $521k to be removed from the smart contract. The platform appears to be continuing to operate. It is unclear if the exploit has been acknowledged or any specific steps have been taken to compensate those affected.<ref name="slowmisthackedarchive-14918" /><ref name="bscscan-14926" /><ref name="geckoterminal-14919" /><ref name="youtube-14920" /><ref name="naverblog-14921" /><ref name="utopiasphere-14922" /><ref name="certik-14923" /><ref name="twitterimage-14924" /><ref name="certiktwitter-14925" /><ref name="unnamed-15057" />

== About UtopiaSphere ==
"Unveiling the UPS cryptocurrency ecosystem. Redefining digital finance.
Welcome to a new era of digital finance, where UPS leads the charge in innovation and progress.
Our ecosystem encompassses cutting edge technologies and dynamic features, promising users a transformative experience in the world of virtual currencies.
One. Turing-quantified trading system, revolutionizing digital transactions.
At the core of the UPS ecosystem lies our turing quantified trading system, a pioneering solution that revolutionizes digital transactions.
Leveraging advanced algorithms and quantitative analysis, this system ensures optimal trading efficiency and accurancy, empowering users to navigate the markets with confidence.
Two. NFT decentralized exchange trading.
In our commitment to democratizing digital asset trading, UPS introduces an NFT decentralized exchange. This platform provides a secure and transparent marketplace for NFT transactions, fostering a thriving ecosystem where creators and collectors can interact freely and securely.
Three. Blockchain gaming. Bridging cryptocurrency with interactive entertainment.
Explore the fusion of cryptocurrency and gaming with UPS's blockchain gaming integration.
Through strategic partnerships and innovative developments, we offer users an immersive gaming experience powered by blockchain technology. From in-game assets to decentralized economies, UPS is shaping the future of interactive entertainment.
Four. Social connectivity. Building community and collaboration. Beyond transactions and trading, UPS emphasizes social connectivity, creating a vibrant community where users can engage, collaborate, and thrive. Through interactive forums, social features, and community events, we foster meaningful connections and collective growth within the UPS community.
Join the UPS revolution. Experience the future of digital finance. Embrace the future of digital finance with UPS cryptocurrency.
Whether you're a trader, collector, gamer, or social enthusiast, our ecosystem offers something for everyone. Join us on this journey of innovation, collaboration, and empowerment, and together let's redefine the landscape of digital finance."

== The Reality ==
"Flashloan attacks are among the most common in the web3 ecosystem. From January to end of July 2024, we have documented 47 flashloan incidents (including this one), resulting in initial losses of over $91m. Of that figure, around $7.9m has so far been returned."

"This is the second incident involving UtopiaSphere who was also exploited, 3 months prior, on 8 April 2024, in that incident the exploiter gained approximately $28k. The exploiter exploited the same vulnerability by transferring UPS tokens to the pair which then burned the tokens, lowering reserves so the exploiter could drain the pair with a small amount of UPS."

== What Happened ==
The specific events of the loss and how it came about. What actually happened to cause the loss and some of the events leading up to it.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key Event Timeline - UtopiaSphere Second Flash Loan Exploit
!Date
!Event
!Description
|-
|July 21st, 2024 5:12:24 AM MDT
|Attack Transaction
|The attack transaction occurs on the blockchain.
|-
|August 5th, 2024 6:04:00 AM MDT
|CertiK Analysis Report
|CertiK publishes an analysis of the exploit and shares this on Twitter.
|}

== Technical Details ==
"The _swapBurn() mechanism, that burns a portion of UPS tokens on a designated pair (by the designated router) when selling, allows the exploiter to manipulate reserve ratio on the pair and profit from it. By borrowing most of the supply and burning the remainder to leave 1 wei UPS, they could then use the imbalance to empty the USDT from the pair."

"The exploiter began by recursively borrowing a total of 89.672M USDT through flashloans, then minted 7.917M vUSDC tokens to borrow an additional 6.424M USDT."

"The 96.196M USDT was swapped for 810.833M UPS. Pre-swap, pair balance 560.128K USDT and 815.566M UPS. Post-swap, pair balance 96.756M USDT and 4,733,128.140045111774152584 UPS."

"The exploiter swapped 4.982M UPS for USDT. During the transfer of UPS to the pair, the swapBurn() mechanism is triggered, burning 95% of the transfer amount, leaving exactly 1 wei UPS in the pair."

"The pair is then synchronized to have 96.756M BSC-USD and 1 wei of UPS. The 5% transfer fee (~256K) is distributed to 32 nodeList addresses while 95% goes to the pair. The extreme reserve ratio enables the exploiter to swap out all 96.756M BSC-USD tokens from the pair with 4.733M UPS."

== Total Amount Lost ==
"The exploiter repaid the flash loaned funds and was left with approximately $521k USDT."

The total amount lost has been estimated at $521,000 USD.

== Immediate Reactions ==
How did the various parties involved (firm, platform, management, and/or affected individual(s)) deal with the events? Were services shut down? Were announcements made? Were groups formed?

== Ultimate Outcome ==
"After the exploit the funds were swapped for 147.6 ETH and bridged to Ethereum wallet 0x2Eb88341BE58a04E6e7daCB32d01Ae2450dCC257."

"The UPS/USDT pair has remained empty and inactive since the exploit."

== Total Amount Recovered ==
There do not appear to have been any funds recovered in this case.

What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?

== Ongoing Developments ==
The platform appears to be continuing to operate despite the exploit.
== Individual Prevention Policies ==
{{Prevention:Individuals:Placeholder}}

{{Prevention:Individuals:End}}

== Platform Prevention Policies ==
{{Prevention:Platforms:Placeholder}}

{{Prevention:Platforms:End}}

== Regulatory Prevention Policies ==
{{Prevention:Regulators:Placeholder}}

{{Prevention:Regulators:End}}

== References ==
<references><ref name="slowmisthackedarchive-14918">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240814162923/https://hacked.slowmist.io/?c=&page=2 SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Accessed Aug 14, 2024)</ref>

<ref name="bscscan-14926">[https://bscscan.com/tx/0x1ddf415a4b18d25e87459ad1416077fe7398d5504171d4ca36e757b1a889f604 BNB Smart Chain Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details | BscScan] (Accessed Aug 14, 2024)</ref>

<ref name="geckoterminal-14919">[https://www.geckoterminal.com/bsc/pools/0x5db4604c8952a8c3474e8ac33e0d31814d75f786 UPS/USDT - UtopiaSphere Price on Pancakeswap V2 (BSC) | GeckoTerminal] (Accessed Aug 14, 2024)</ref>

<ref name="youtube-14920">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rov4cs8trlc - YouTube] (Accessed Aug 14, 2024)</ref>

<ref name="naverblog-14921">[https://blog.naver.com/jacoffskii/223412496002 호랭이천사의 다양한 이야기 : 네이버 블로그] (Accessed Aug 14, 2024)</ref>

<ref name="utopiasphere-14922">[https://www.utopiasphere.com/ https://www.utopiasphere.com/] (Accessed Aug 14, 2024)</ref>

<ref name="certik-14923">[https://www.certik.com/resources/blog/utopiasphere-incident-analysis https://www.certik.com/resources/blog/utopiasphere-incident-analysis] (Accessed Aug 14, 2024)</ref>

<ref name="twitterimage-14924">[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GOKtKCUaAAAhzzp?format=jpg&name=large https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GOKtKCUaAAAhzzp?format=jpg&name=large] (Accessed Aug 14, 2024)</ref>

<ref name="certiktwitter-14925">[https://twitter.com/CertiK/status/1820430623359582309 @CertiK Twitter] (Accessed Aug 14, 2024)</ref>

<ref name="unnamed-15057">[https://www.youtube.com/@Newworld-UPS 유토피아(UPS) - YouTube] (Accessed Aug 21, 2024)</ref></references>

UtopiaSphere Second Flash Loan Exploit - Revision history