Upbit Hot Wallet Hack - Revision history

Azoundria at 20:04, 10 May 2024

2024-05-10T20:04:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 10 May 2024
Line 7:		Line 7:
	Upbit has stated that they will reimburse customers fully for the losses, and the site appear to be online now. From notices on the website, they significantly exceeded the 2 week time estimate.		Upbit has stated that they will reimburse customers fully for the losses, and the site appear to be online now. From notices on the website, they significantly exceeded the 2 week time estimate.

	This exchange or platform is based in South Korea, or the incident targeted people primarily in South Korea.<ref name="cointelegraph-130" /><ref name="slowmisthacked-1160" /><ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276" /><ref name="youniversitytv-7677" /><ref name="cryptonews-7831" />		This exchange or platform is based in South Korea, or the incident targeted people primarily in South Korea.<ref name="cointelegraph-130" /><ref name="slowmisthacked-1160" /><ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276" /><ref name="youniversitytv-7677" /><ref name="cryptonews-7831" /><ref name="carnegieendowment-9983" /><ref name="mycryptoblog-10095" />

	== About Upbit ==		== About Upbit ==
Line 148:		Line 148:
	<ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276">[https://cryptoxdirectory.com/hacked_2019 The 23 exchange hacks of 2019] (Aug 8, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276">[https://cryptoxdirectory.com/hacked_2019 The 23 exchange hacks of 2019] (Aug 8, 2021)</ref>
	<ref name="youniversitytv-7677">[https://www.youniversitytv.com/crypto-blockchain/korean-self-regulatory-crypto-industry-body-under-question-after-12-crypto-exchanges-approved/ Korean Self-regulatory Crypto Industry Body Under Question After 12 Crypto Exchanges Approved \| YOUniversityTV] (May 8, 2022)</ref>		<ref name="youniversitytv-7677">[https://www.youniversitytv.com/crypto-blockchain/korean-self-regulatory-crypto-industry-body-under-question-after-12-crypto-exchanges-approved/ Korean Self-regulatory Crypto Industry Body Under Question After 12 Crypto Exchanges Approved \| YOUniversityTV] (May 8, 2022)</ref>
	<ref name="cryptonews-7831">https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm (May 30, 2022)</ref>		<ref name="cryptonews-7831">[https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm] (May 30, 2022)</ref>
			<ref name="carnegieendowment-9983">[https://carnegieendowment.org/specialprojects/protectingfinancialstability/timeline Timeline of Cyber Incidents Involving Financial Institutions - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace] (Dec 12, 2022)</ref>
			<ref name="mycryptoblog-10095">[https://blog.mycrypto.com/2019-in-review--major-blockchain-crypto-security-incidents 2019 In Review: Major Blockchain/Crypto Security Incidents \| MyCrypto Blog] (Dec 28, 2022)</ref>
	</references>		</references>

Azoundria: Another 30 minutes complete. Additional sources merged in. Information moved around.

2023-11-29T19:00:13Z

Another 30 minutes complete. Additional sources merged in. Information moved around.

Show changes

Azoundria at 19:27, 1 May 2023

2023-05-01T19:27:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:27, 1 May 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/upbithotwallethack.php}}		{{Imported Case Study 2\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/upbithotwallethack.php}}
	{{Unattributed ~~Citations~~}}		{{Unattributed Sources}}

	[[File:Upbit-sg-static.upbitit.sh/seo/upbit_global_facebook.png\|thumb\|Upbit]]Upbit was one of a series of exchanges which had previously undergone a government security inspection, which failed to detect vulnerabilities.		[[File:Upbit-sg-static.upbitit.sh/seo/upbit_global_facebook.png\|thumb\|Upbit]]Upbit was one of a series of exchanges which had previously undergone a government security inspection, which failed to detect vulnerabilities.
Line 8:		Line 8:
	Upbit has stated that they will reimburse customers fully for the losses, and the site appear to be online now. From notices on the website, they significantly exceeded the 2 week time estimate.		Upbit has stated that they will reimburse customers fully for the losses, and the site appear to be online now. From notices on the website, they significantly exceeded the 2 week time estimate.

	This exchange or platform is based in South Korea, or the incident targeted people primarily in South Korea.		This exchange or platform is based in South Korea, or the incident targeted people primarily in South Korea.<ref name="thecoinrepublic-5" /><ref name="coindesk-29" /><ref name="ciphertrace-74" /><ref name="cointelegraph-130" /><ref name="slowmisthacked-1160" /><ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276" /><ref name="youniversitytv-7677" /><ref name="cryptonews-7831" />
	<ref name="thecoinrepublic-5" /><ref name="coindesk-29" /><ref name="ciphertrace-74" /><ref name="cointelegraph-130" /><ref name="slowmisthacked-1160" /><ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276" /><ref name="youniversitytv-7677" /><ref name="cryptonews-7831" />

	== About Upbit ==		== About Upbit ==
Line 51:		Line 50:
	!Description		!Description
	\|-		\|-
	\|November 1st, 2019 12:01:30 AM		\|November 1st, 2019 12:01:30 AM MDT
	\|Main Event		\|Main Event
	\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.		\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
Line 59:		Line 58:
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

			== Technical Details ==
			This section includes specific detailed technical analysis of any security breaches which happened. What specific software vulnerabilities contributed to the problem and how were they exploited?

	== Total Amount Lost ==		== Total Amount Lost ==
Line 78:		Line 80:
	== Ongoing Developments ==		== Ongoing Developments ==
	What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?		What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?
			== General Prevention Policies ==
	== Prevention Policies ==
	The primary cause of the loss was due to the funds being in a "hot wallet", an online wallet which the hacker was able to gain access to. Hot wallets are notorious for being breached, despite strong security and even in this case a government inspection.		The primary cause of the loss was due to the funds being in a "hot wallet", an online wallet which the hacker was able to gain access to. Hot wallets are notorious for being breached, despite strong security and even in this case a government inspection.

Line 85:		Line 86:

	Under our proposed framework, exchanges need to keep aside some funds to cover losses, which are stored in a collective multi-sig pool held by exchange operators. A premium is paid by all exchanges, which is higher for hot wallets, encouraging platforms to store more funds offline, and acting as insurance in the case of any breach. We also believe that proper training and a basic certification for all platform operators makes good sense.		Under our proposed framework, exchanges need to keep aside some funds to cover losses, which are stored in a collective multi-sig pool held by exchange operators. A premium is paid by all exchanges, which is higher for hot wallets, encouraging platforms to store more funds offline, and acting as insurance in the case of any breach. We also believe that proper training and a basic certification for all platform operators makes good sense.
			== Individual Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Individuals:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Individuals:End}}

			== Platform Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Platforms:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Platforms:End}}

			== Regulatory Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Regulators:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Regulators:End}}

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references><ref name="thecoinrepublic-5">[https://www.thecoinrepublic.com/2020/01/21/south-korean-government-under-fire-as-3-more-crypto-platforms-hacked/ South Korean Government Under Fire As 3 More Crypto Platforms Hacked - The Coin Republic: Cryptocurrency , Bitcoin, Ethereum & Blockchain News] (Jan 30, 2020)</ref>		<references><ref name="thecoinrepublic-5">[https://www.thecoinrepublic.com/2020/01/21/south-korean-government-under-fire-as-3-more-crypto-platforms-hacked/ South Korean Government Under Fire As 3 More Crypto Platforms Hacked - The Coin Republic: Cryptocurrency , Bitcoin, Ethereum & Blockchain News] (Jan 31, 2020)</ref>

	<ref name="coindesk-29">[https://www.coindesk.com/upbit-is-the-sixth-major-crypto-exchange-hack-of-2019 Upbit Is the Seventh Major Crypto Exchange Hack of 2019 - CoinDesk] (Feb 3, 2020)</ref>		<ref name="coindesk-29">[https://www.coindesk.com/upbit-is-the-sixth-major-crypto-exchange-hack-of-2019 Upbit Is the Seventh Major Crypto Exchange Hack of 2019 - CoinDesk] (Feb 4, 2020)</ref>

	<ref name="ciphertrace-74">[https://ciphertrace.com/q4-2019-cryptocurrency-anti-money-laundering-report/ Q4 2019 Cryptocurrency Anti-Money Laundering Report - CipherTrace] (Feb 11, 2020)</ref>		<ref name="ciphertrace-74">[https://ciphertrace.com/q4-2019-cryptocurrency-anti-money-laundering-report/ Q4 2019 Cryptocurrency Anti-Money Laundering Report - CipherTrace] (Feb 12, 2020)</ref>

	<ref name="cointelegraph-130">[https://cointelegraph.com/news/most-significant-hacks-of-2019-new-record-of-twelve-in-one-year Most Significant Hacks of 2019 — New Record of Twelve in One Year] (Feb 22, 2020)</ref>		<ref name="cointelegraph-130">[https://cointelegraph.com/news/most-significant-hacks-of-2019-new-record-of-twelve-in-one-year Most Significant Hacks of 2019 — New Record of Twelve in One Year] (Feb 23, 2020)</ref>

	<ref name="slowmisthacked-1160">[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=Exchange SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Jun 25, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="slowmisthacked-1160">[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=Exchange SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Jun 26, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276">[https://cryptoxdirectory.com/hacked_2019 The 23 exchange hacks of 2019] (Aug 7, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276">[https://cryptoxdirectory.com/hacked_2019 The 23 exchange hacks of 2019] (Aug 8, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="youniversitytv-7677">[https://www.youniversitytv.com/crypto-blockchain/korean-self-regulatory-crypto-industry-body-under-question-after-12-crypto-exchanges-approved/ Korean Self-regulatory Crypto Industry Body Under Question After 12 Crypto Exchanges Approved \| YOUniversityTV] (May 8, 2022)</ref>		<ref name="youniversitytv-7677">[https://www.youniversitytv.com/crypto-blockchain/korean-self-regulatory-crypto-industry-body-under-question-after-12-crypto-exchanges-approved/ Korean Self-regulatory Crypto Industry Body Under Question After 12 Crypto Exchanges Approved \| YOUniversityTV] (May 8, 2022)</ref>

	<ref name="cryptonews-7831">[https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm] (May 30, 2022)</ref></references>		<ref name="cryptonews-7831">[https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm] (May 30, 2022)</ref></references>

Azoundria at 17:11, 17 February 2023

2023-02-17T17:11:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:11, 17 February 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/upbithotwallethack.php}}		{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/upbithotwallethack.php}}
			{{Unattributed Citations}}

	Upbit was one of a series of exchanges which had previously undergone a government security inspection, which failed to detect vulnerabilities.		[[File:Upbit-sg-static.upbitit.sh/seo/upbit_global_facebook.png\|thumb\|Upbit]]Upbit was one of a series of exchanges which had previously undergone a government security inspection, which failed to detect vulnerabilities.

	Although I found reports that Upbit had been attempting to deny the hack, I suspect that this was confusion over Upbit denying any further hacking (beyond the original ETH) was occurring.		Although I found reports that Upbit had been attempting to deny the hack, I suspect that this was confusion over Upbit denying any further hacking (beyond the original ETH) was occurring.
Line 8:		Line 9:

	This exchange or platform is based in South Korea, or the incident targeted people primarily in South Korea.		This exchange or platform is based in South Korea, or the incident targeted people primarily in South Korea.
			<ref name="thecoinrepublic-5" /><ref name="coindesk-29" /><ref name="ciphertrace-74" /><ref name="cointelegraph-130" /><ref name="slowmisthacked-1160" /><ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276" /><ref name="youniversitytv-7677" /><ref name="cryptonews-7831" />

	== About Upbit ==		== About Upbit ==
Line 29:		Line 31:

	Don't Include:		Don't Include:

	* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.		* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.
	* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.		* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.
Line 51:		Line 52:
	\|-		\|-
	\|November 1st, 2019 12:01:30 AM		\|November 1st, 2019 12:01:30 AM
	\|~~First~~ Event		\|Main Event
	\|~~This is an expanded~~ description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.		\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
	\|-
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
Line 64:		Line 61:

	== Total Amount Lost ==		== Total Amount Lost ==
	The total amount lost ~~is unknown~~.		The total amount lost has been estimated at $49,200,000 USD.

	How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?		How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?
Line 75:		Line 72:

	== Total Amount Recovered ==		== Total Amount Recovered ==
	~~It is unknown how much was~~ recovered.		There do not appear to have been any funds recovered in this case.

	What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?		What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?
Line 90:		Line 87:

	== References ==		== References ==
	[https://www.thecoinrepublic.com/2020/01/21/south-korean-government-under-fire-as-3-more-crypto-platforms-hacked/ South Korean Government Under Fire As 3 More Crypto Platforms Hacked - The Coin Republic: Cryptocurrency , Bitcoin, Ethereum & Blockchain News] (Jan 30)		<references><ref name="thecoinrepublic-5">[https://www.thecoinrepublic.com/2020/01/21/south-korean-government-under-fire-as-3-more-crypto-platforms-hacked/ South Korean Government Under Fire As 3 More Crypto Platforms Hacked - The Coin Republic: Cryptocurrency , Bitcoin, Ethereum & Blockchain News] (Jan 30, 2020)</ref>

	[https://www.coindesk.com/upbit-is-the-sixth-major-crypto-exchange-hack-of-2019 Upbit Is the Seventh Major Crypto Exchange Hack of 2019 - CoinDesk] (Feb 3)		<ref name="coindesk-29">[https://www.coindesk.com/upbit-is-the-sixth-major-crypto-exchange-hack-of-2019 Upbit Is the Seventh Major Crypto Exchange Hack of 2019 - CoinDesk] (Feb 3, 2020)</ref>

	[https://ciphertrace.com/q4-2019-cryptocurrency-anti-money-laundering-report/ Q4 2019 Cryptocurrency Anti-Money Laundering Report - CipherTrace] (Feb 11)		<ref name="ciphertrace-74">[https://ciphertrace.com/q4-2019-cryptocurrency-anti-money-laundering-report/ Q4 2019 Cryptocurrency Anti-Money Laundering Report - CipherTrace] (Feb 11, 2020)</ref>

	[https://cointelegraph.com/news/most-significant-hacks-of-2019-new-record-of-twelve-in-one-year Most Significant Hacks of 2019 — New Record of Twelve in One Year] (Feb 22)		<ref name="cointelegraph-130">[https://cointelegraph.com/news/most-significant-hacks-of-2019-new-record-of-twelve-in-one-year Most Significant Hacks of 2019 — New Record of Twelve in One Year] (Feb 22, 2020)</ref>

	[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=Exchange SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Jun 25)		<ref name="slowmisthacked-1160">[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=Exchange SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Jun 25, 2021)</ref>

	[https://cryptoxdirectory.com/hacked_2019 The 23 exchange hacks of 2019] (Aug 7)		<ref name="cryptoxdirectory-2276">[https://cryptoxdirectory.com/hacked_2019 The 23 exchange hacks of 2019] (Aug 7, 2021)</ref>

	[https://www.youniversitytv.com/crypto-blockchain/korean-self-regulatory-crypto-industry-body-under-question-after-12-crypto-exchanges-approved/ Korean Self-regulatory Crypto Industry Body Under Question After 12 Crypto Exchanges Approved \| YOUniversityTV] (May 8)		<ref name="youniversitytv-7677">[https://www.youniversitytv.com/crypto-blockchain/korean-self-regulatory-crypto-industry-body-under-question-after-12-crypto-exchanges-approved/ Korean Self-regulatory Crypto Industry Body Under Question After 12 Crypto Exchanges Approved \| YOUniversityTV] (May 8, 2022)</ref>

	[https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm] (May 30)		<ref name="cryptonews-7831">[https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm] (May 30, 2022)</ref></references>

Azoundria: Created page with "{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/upbithotwallethack.php}} Upbit was one of a series of exchanges which had previously undergone a government security inspection, which failed to detect vulnerabilities. Although I found reports that Upbit had been attempting to deny the hack, I suspect that this was confusion over Upbit denying any further hacking (beyond the original ETH) was occurring. Upbit has stated that they will reimburse..."

2023-01-25T03:22:27Z

Created page with "{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/upbithotwallethack.php}} Upbit was one of a series of exchanges which had previously undergone a government security inspection, which failed to detect vulnerabilities. Although I found reports that Upbit had been attempting to deny the hack, I suspect that this was confusion over Upbit denying any further hacking (beyond the original ETH) was occurring. Upbit has stated that they will reimburse..."

New page

{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/upbithotwallethack.php}}

Upbit was one of a series of exchanges which had previously undergone a government security inspection, which failed to detect vulnerabilities.

Although I found reports that Upbit had been attempting to deny the hack, I suspect that this was confusion over Upbit denying any further hacking (beyond the original ETH) was occurring.

Upbit has stated that they will reimburse customers fully for the losses, and the site appear to be online now. From notices on the website, they significantly exceeded the 2 week time estimate.

This exchange or platform is based in South Korea, or the incident targeted people primarily in South Korea.

== About Upbit ==
“The Upbit hack is currently the most recent one as the company announced in a blog post that on November 27, it lost 58 billion won – $49.2 million at the time – worth of ETH to hackers as they transferred the funds out of Upbit’s hot wallet to an unknown wallet.

In response, Upbit immediately moved all of its funds to cold wallets and also disabled all trading activity. The company also promised to return all funds to affected users.”

This exchange or platform is based in South Korea, or the incident targeted people primarily in South Korea.

The background of the exchange platform, service, or individuals involved, as it would have been seen or understood at the time of the events.

Include:

* Known history of when and how the service was started.
* What problems does the company or service claim to solve?
* What marketing materials were used by the firm or business?
* Audits performed, and excerpts that may have been included.
* Business registration documents shown (fake or legitimate).
* How were people recruited to participate?
* Public warnings and announcements prior to the event.

Don't Include:

* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.
* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.
There could be more than one section here. If the same platform is involved with multiple incidents, then it can be linked to a main article page.

== The Reality ==
This sections is included if a case involved deception or information that was unknown at the time. Examples include:

* When the service was actually started (if different than the "official story").
* Who actually ran a service and their own personal history.
* How the service was structured behind the scenes. (For example, there was no "trading bot".)
* Details of what audits reported and how vulnerabilities were missed during auditing.

== What Happened ==
The specific events of the loss and how it came about. What actually happened to cause the loss and some of the events leading up to it.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key Event Timeline - Upbit Hot Wallet Hack
!Date
!Event
!Description
|-
|November 1st, 2019 12:01:30 AM
|First Event
|This is an expanded description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
|-
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|}

== Total Amount Lost ==
The total amount lost is unknown.

How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?

== Immediate Reactions ==
How did the various parties involved (firm, platform, management, and/or affected individual(s)) deal with the events? Were services shut down? Were announcements made? Were groups formed?

== Ultimate Outcome ==
What was the end result? Was any investigation done? Were any individuals prosecuted? Was there a lawsuit? Was any tracing done?

== Total Amount Recovered ==
It is unknown how much was recovered.

What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?

== Ongoing Developments ==
What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?

== Prevention Policies ==
The primary cause of the loss was due to the funds being in a "hot wallet", an online wallet which the hacker was able to gain access to. Hot wallets are notorious for being breached, despite strong security and even in this case a government inspection.

This type of breach can be avoided by handling withdrawals manually from air-gapped wallets. Ideally, multiple human beings should be signing off on each transaction, and wallets should come from multiple trusted supply chains. The exchange should maintain the lowest possible level of funding in any hot wallets, and be prepared for the full loss of all funds in their hot wallets at any time.

Under our proposed framework, exchanges need to keep aside some funds to cover losses, which are stored in a collective multi-sig pool held by exchange operators. A premium is paid by all exchanges, which is higher for hot wallets, encouraging platforms to store more funds offline, and acting as insurance in the case of any breach. We also believe that proper training and a basic certification for all platform operators makes good sense.

== References ==
[https://www.thecoinrepublic.com/2020/01/21/south-korean-government-under-fire-as-3-more-crypto-platforms-hacked/ South Korean Government Under Fire As 3 More Crypto Platforms Hacked - The Coin Republic: Cryptocurrency , Bitcoin, Ethereum & Blockchain News] (Jan 30)

[https://www.coindesk.com/upbit-is-the-sixth-major-crypto-exchange-hack-of-2019 Upbit Is the Seventh Major Crypto Exchange Hack of 2019 - CoinDesk] (Feb 3)

[https://ciphertrace.com/q4-2019-cryptocurrency-anti-money-laundering-report/ Q4 2019 Cryptocurrency Anti-Money Laundering Report - CipherTrace] (Feb 11)

[https://cointelegraph.com/news/most-significant-hacks-of-2019-new-record-of-twelve-in-one-year Most Significant Hacks of 2019 — New Record of Twelve in One Year] (Feb 22)

[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=Exchange SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Jun 25)

[https://cryptoxdirectory.com/hacked_2019 The 23 exchange hacks of 2019] (Aug 7)

[https://www.youniversitytv.com/crypto-blockchain/korean-self-regulatory-crypto-industry-body-under-question-after-12-crypto-exchanges-approved/ Korean Self-regulatory Crypto Industry Body Under Question After 12 Crypto Exchanges Approved | YOUniversityTV] (May 8)

[https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm https://cryptonews.com/news/hack-worries-as-usd-79m-of-altcoins-transferred-from-upbit-5160.htm] (May 30)