Pickle In A Pickle - Revision history

Azoundria at 17:59, 2 May 2023

2023-05-02T17:59:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:59, 2 May 2023
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	{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/pickleinapickle.php}}		{{Imported Case Study 2\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/pickleinapickle.php}}
	{{Unattributed ~~Citations~~}}		{{Unattributed Sources}}

	[[File:Pickle.jpg\|thumb\|Pickle Finance]]Pickle suffered a complex attack, which can be expected when many different systems are working together and there's a very strong incentive to break in.		[[File:Pickle.jpg\|thumb\|Pickle Finance]]Pickle suffered a complex attack, which can be expected when many different systems are working together and there's a very strong incentive to break in.
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	In this case, the Pickle Finance team has not made any efforts to make right on what happened, so affected users are out the entire value of their funds.		In this case, the Pickle Finance team has not made any efforts to make right on what happened, so affected users are out the entire value of their funds.

	This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.		This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.<ref name="halborn-479" /><ref name="cointelegraph-480" /><ref name="coindesk-481" /><ref name="twitterimage-482" /><ref name="vasadeveloptwitter-483" /><ref name="tidalfinancemedium-484" /><ref name="picklefinancemedium-485" /><ref name="decrypt-486" /><ref name="nasdaq-487" /><ref name="github-488" /><ref name="peckshieldmedium-489" /><ref name="blockchain-490" /><ref name="cryptopotato-491" /><ref name="picklefinancetwitter-492" /><ref name="emilianobonassitwitter-493" /><ref name="ciphertrace-1152" /><ref name="slowmisthacked-678" /><ref name="certik-1776" /><ref name="blockthreat-2173" />
	<ref name="halborn-479" /><ref name="cointelegraph-480" /><ref name="coindesk-481" /><ref name="twitterimage-482" /><ref name="vasadeveloptwitter-483" /><ref name="tidalfinancemedium-484" /><ref name="picklefinancemedium-485" /><ref name="decrypt-486" /><ref name="nasdaq-487" /><ref name="github-488" /><ref name="peckshieldmedium-489" /><ref name="blockchain-490" /><ref name="cryptopotato-491" /><ref name="picklefinancetwitter-492" /><ref name="emilianobonassitwitter-493" /><ref name="ciphertrace-1152" /><ref name="slowmisthacked-678" /><ref name="certik-1776" /><ref name="blockthreat-2173" />

	== About Pickle Finance ==		== About Pickle Finance ==
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	!Description		!Description
	\|-		\|-
	\|November 21st, 2020 ~~12:00:00 AM~~		\|November 21st, 2020
	\|Main Event		\|Main Event
	\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.		\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
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	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

			== Technical Details ==
			This section includes specific detailed technical analysis of any security breaches which happened. What specific software vulnerabilities contributed to the problem and how were they exploited?

	== Total Amount Lost ==		== Total Amount Lost ==
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	== Ongoing Developments ==		== Ongoing Developments ==
	What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?		What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?
			== General Prevention Policies ==
	== Prevention Policies ==
	Decentralized smart contracts are effectively hot wallets. The right mistake in the coding can provide a hacker with access to any funds under the control of the contract.		Decentralized smart contracts are effectively hot wallets. The right mistake in the coding can provide a hacker with access to any funds under the control of the contract.

	One of the key advantages of centralized platforms is that withdrawals which are obviously suspicious can be prevented.		One of the key advantages of centralized platforms is that withdrawals which are obviously suspicious can be prevented.
			== Individual Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Individuals:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Individuals:End}}

			== Platform Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Platforms:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Platforms:End}}

			== Regulatory Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Regulators:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Regulators:End}}

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references><ref name="halborn-479">[https://halborn.com/explained-the-defi-protocol-pickle-finance-hack-nov-2020/ Explained: The DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hack (Nov 2020) - Halborn] (May 11, 2021)</ref>		<references><ref name="halborn-479">[https://halborn.com/explained-the-defi-protocol-pickle-finance-hack-nov-2020/ Explained: The DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hack (Nov 2020) - Halborn] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="cointelegraph-480">[https://cointelegraph.com/news/pickle-in-a-pickle-as-attacker-swipes-20-million-in-evil-jar-exploit $pickle in a pickle as attacker swipes $20 million in ‘evil jar’ exploit] (May 11, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="cointelegraph-480">[https://cointelegraph.com/news/pickle-in-a-pickle-as-attacker-swipes-20-million-in-evil-jar-exploit $pickle in a pickle as attacker swipes $20 million in ‘evil jar’ exploit] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="coindesk-481">[https://www.coindesk.com/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-19-7m-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7M Hack - CoinDesk] (May 11, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="coindesk-481">[https://www.coindesk.com/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-19-7m-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7M Hack - CoinDesk] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="twitterimage-482">[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EncADZ-XYAM4RDC?format=jpg&name=4096x4096 Pickle Exploit Overview Diagram] (May 11, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="twitterimage-482">[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EncADZ-XYAM4RDC?format=jpg&name=4096x4096 Pickle Exploit Overview Diagram] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="vasadeveloptwitter-483">[https://twitter.com/vasa_develop/status/1330532691205361664 @vasa_develop Twitter] (May 11, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="vasadeveloptwitter-483">[https://twitter.com/vasa_develop/status/1330532691205361664 @vasa_develop Twitter] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="tidalfinancemedium-484">[https://medium.com/tidal-finance/tidal-defi-attack-user-impact-recap-20-million-pickle-finance-hack-c8b1d74dd3d8 Tidal DeFi Attack User Impact Recap - $20 Million Pickle Finance Hack] (May 11, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="tidalfinancemedium-484">[https://medium.com/tidal-finance/tidal-defi-attack-user-impact-recap-20-million-pickle-finance-hack-c8b1d74dd3d8 Tidal DeFi Attack User Impact Recap - $20 Million Pickle Finance Hack] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="picklefinancemedium-485">[https://picklefinance.medium.com/pickle-was-hacked-and-there-has-been-a-loss-of-funds-414b99969c29 Pickle Was Hacked And There Has Been A Loss Of Funds] (May 11, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="picklefinancemedium-485">[https://picklefinance.medium.com/pickle-was-hacked-and-there-has-been-a-loss-of-funds-414b99969c29 Pickle Was Hacked And There Has Been A Loss Of Funds] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="decrypt-486">[https://decrypt.co/49149/pickle-finance-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hacked For $20 Million - Decrypt] (May 11, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="decrypt-486">[https://decrypt.co/49149/pickle-finance-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hacked For $20 Million - Decrypt] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="nasdaq-487">[https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-%2419.7m-hack-2020-11 DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7m Hack] (May 12, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="nasdaq-487">[https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-%2419.7m-hack-2020-11 DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7m Hack] (May 13, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="github-488">[https://github.com/banteg/evil-jar/blob/master/readme.md evil-jar/readme.md at master · banteg/evil-jar · GitHub] (May 12, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="github-488">[https://github.com/banteg/evil-jar/blob/master/readme.md evil-jar/readme.md at master · banteg/evil-jar · GitHub] (May 13, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="peckshieldmedium-489">[https://peckshield.medium.com/pickle-incident-root-cause-analysis-5d73496ebc9f Pickle Incident Root Cause Analysis] (May 12, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="peckshieldmedium-489">[https://peckshield.medium.com/pickle-incident-root-cause-analysis-5d73496ebc9f Pickle Incident Root Cause Analysis] (May 13, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="blockchain-490">[https://blockchain.news/news/pickle-finance-defi-protocol-loses-$19.7-million-in-dai-stablecoin-in-massive-hack Pickle Finance DeFi Protocol Loses $19.7 Million In DAI Stablecoin in “Massive” Hack \| Blockchain News] (May 12, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="blockchain-490">[https://blockchain.news/news/pickle-finance-defi-protocol-loses-$19.7-million-in-dai-stablecoin-in-massive-hack Pickle Finance DeFi Protocol Loses $19.7 Million In DAI Stablecoin in “Massive” Hack \| Blockchain News] (May 13, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="cryptopotato-491">[https://cryptopotato.com/hacker-steals-20-million-from-defi-protocol-pickle-finance/ Hacker Steals $20 Million From DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance] (May 12, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="cryptopotato-491">[https://cryptopotato.com/hacker-steals-20-million-from-defi-protocol-pickle-finance/ Hacker Steals $20 Million From DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance] (May 13, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="picklefinancetwitter-492">[https://twitter.com/picklefinance/status/1331018998150955010 @picklefinance Twitter] (May 12, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="picklefinancetwitter-492">[https://twitter.com/picklefinance/status/1331018998150955010 @picklefinance Twitter] (May 13, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="emilianobonassitwitter-493">[https://twitter.com/emilianobonassi/status/1330239233538318339 @emilianobonassi Twitter] (May 12, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="emilianobonassitwitter-493">[https://twitter.com/emilianobonassi/status/1330239233538318339 @emilianobonassi Twitter] (May 13, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="ciphertrace-1152">[https://ciphertrace.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/CipherTrace-Cryptocurrency-Crime-and-Anti-Money-Laundering-Report-012821.pdf CipherTrace Cryptocurrency Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Report 2020] (Jun 19, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="ciphertrace-1152">[https://ciphertrace.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/CipherTrace-Cryptocurrency-Crime-and-Anti-Money-Laundering-Report-012821.pdf CipherTrace Cryptocurrency Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Report 2020] (Jun 20, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="slowmisthacked-678">[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=ETH%20DApp SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (May 17, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="slowmisthacked-678">[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=ETH%20DApp SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (May 18, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="certik-1776">[https://www.certik.org/blog/blockchain-hacks-2020-15-billion-lost-how-can-we-mitigate-hacks-in-2021 Blockchain Hacks: 2020 \| $15 billion lost, how can we mitigate hacks in 2021? \| CertiK Foundation Blog] (Jul 22, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="certik-1776">[https://www.certik.org/blog/blockchain-hacks-2020-15-billion-lost-how-can-we-mitigate-hacks-in-2021 Blockchain Hacks: 2020 \| $15 billion lost, how can we mitigate hacks in 2021? \| CertiK Foundation Blog] (Jul 23, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="blockthreat-2173">[https://blockthreat.substack.com/p/blockthreat-2020-a-year-in-review No Title] (Aug 2, 2021)</ref></references>		<ref name="blockthreat-2173">[https://blockthreat.substack.com/p/blockthreat-2020-a-year-in-review No Title] (Aug 3, 2021)</ref></references>

Azoundria at 17:31, 17 February 2023

2023-02-17T17:31:00Z

Azoundria: Created page with "{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/pickleinapickle.php}} Pickle FinancePickle suffered a complex attack, which can be expected when many different systems are working together and there's a very strong incentive to break in. In this case, the Pickle Finance team has not made any efforts to make right on what happened, so affected users are out the entire value of their funds. This is a global/internation..."

2023-01-25T19:14:12Z

Created page with "{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/pickleinapickle.php}} thumb|Pickle FinancePickle suffered a complex attack, which can be expected when many different systems are working together and there's a very strong incentive to break in. In this case, the Pickle Finance team has not made any efforts to make right on what happened, so affected users are out the entire value of their funds. This is a global/internation..."

New page

{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/pickleinapickle.php}}

[[File:Pickle.jpg|thumb|Pickle Finance]]Pickle suffered a complex attack, which can be expected when many different systems are working together and there's a very strong incentive to break in.

In this case, the Pickle Finance team has not made any efforts to make right on what happened, so affected users are out the entire value of their funds.

This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.

== About Pickle Finance ==
"Pickle came on the scene Sept. 11 as one of many food-themed DeFi projects." "Pickle Finance is a yield aggregation service that rewards users who provide liquidity to its various pools of stablecoins with interest and token disbursements in ether, other stablecoins or its native digital asset PICKLE." "The project attempted to bring price stability to the four top stablecoins, DAI, USDC, USDT and sUSD, which are frequently knocked off their dollar peg." "Pickle Finance shifts investors’ money around different DeFi protocols to maximise returns, a little like a traditional robo-advisor. " "On 2020–11–21 06:37 PM (UTC), Pickle’s pDAI PickleJar was hacked and 19,759,355 DAI was drained."

"This was a very complicated attack and involved many components of the Pickle protocol." "Shortly after the security breach and loss of nearly $20 million in DAI, Pickle’s administrators engaged with cybersecurity specialists to tackle the situation." "After many hours, the team (now totalling more than 10 people) finally figured it out how it was executed."

"The attacker swapped funds between a malicious copycat contract and Pickle cDAI Jar (Pickle’s yield-bearing vault) thus leading to the loss of funds." "Pickle Finance focused on providing an automatic solution for moving funds between various DeFi protocols in order to maximize profits. Hence, they required depositing funds in Compound as a kind of “common ground” for trading and arbitration." "[T]he attacker created “bad jars,” —contracts with a similar interface to the “good jars” but programmed differently. The attacker then exchanged funds between his “bad jar” and the real cDAI Jar, taking the $20 million in deposits."

"At the moment the money stolen from the hacker is still in the dormant wallet and yet to be laundered to various exchanges. As expected following news of the hack, Pickle Finance native token (PICKLE) suffered a dip losing more than 50% of its value in a few hours." "Pickle Finance said in a Nov. 24 tweet that it has a “small chance” of recovering the stolen money." "Although this avenue has a small chance of recovering the lost funds, we will not be issuing any IOU tokens so as to not impede the growth of this protocol going forward."

This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.

The background of the exchange platform, service, or individuals involved, as it would have been seen or understood at the time of the events.

Include:

* Known history of when and how the service was started.
* What problems does the company or service claim to solve?
* What marketing materials were used by the firm or business?
* Audits performed, and excerpts that may have been included.
* Business registration documents shown (fake or legitimate).
* How were people recruited to participate?
* Public warnings and announcements prior to the event.

Don't Include:

* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.
* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.
There could be more than one section here. If the same platform is involved with multiple incidents, then it can be linked to a main article page.

== The Reality ==
This sections is included if a case involved deception or information that was unknown at the time. Examples include:

* When the service was actually started (if different than the "official story").
* Who actually ran a service and their own personal history.
* How the service was structured behind the scenes. (For example, there was no "trading bot".)
* Details of what audits reported and how vulnerabilities were missed during auditing.

== What Happened ==
The specific events of the loss and how it came about. What actually happened to cause the loss and some of the events leading up to it.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key Event Timeline - Pickle In A Pickle
!Date
!Event
!Description
|-
|November 21st, 2020 12:00:00 AM
|First Event
|This is an expanded description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
|-
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|}

== Total Amount Lost ==
The total amount lost is unknown.

How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?

== Immediate Reactions ==
How did the various parties involved (firm, platform, management, and/or affected individual(s)) deal with the events? Were services shut down? Were announcements made? Were groups formed?

== Ultimate Outcome ==
What was the end result? Was any investigation done? Were any individuals prosecuted? Was there a lawsuit? Was any tracing done?

== Total Amount Recovered ==
It is unknown how much was recovered.

What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?

== Ongoing Developments ==
What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?

== Prevention Policies ==
Decentralized smart contracts are effectively hot wallets. The right mistake in the coding can provide a hacker with access to any funds under the control of the contract.

One of the key advantages of centralized platforms is that withdrawals which are obviously suspicious can be prevented.

== References ==
[https://halborn.com/explained-the-defi-protocol-pickle-finance-hack-nov-2020/ Explained: The DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hack (Nov 2020) - Halborn] (May 11)

[https://cointelegraph.com/news/pickle-in-a-pickle-as-attacker-swipes-20-million-in-evil-jar-exploit $pickle in a pickle as attacker swipes $20 million in ‘evil jar’ exploit] (May 11)

[https://www.coindesk.com/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-19-7m-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7M Hack - CoinDesk] (May 11)

[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EncADZ-XYAM4RDC?format=jpg&name=4096x4096 Pickle Exploit Overview Diagram] (May 11)

[https://twitter.com/vasa_develop/status/1330532691205361664 @vasa_develop Twitter] (May 11)

[https://medium.com/tidal-finance/tidal-defi-attack-user-impact-recap-20-million-pickle-finance-hack-c8b1d74dd3d8 Tidal DeFi Attack User Impact Recap - $20 Million Pickle Finance Hack] (May 11)

[https://picklefinance.medium.com/pickle-was-hacked-and-there-has-been-a-loss-of-funds-414b99969c29 Pickle Was Hacked And There Has Been A Loss Of Funds] (May 11)

[https://decrypt.co/49149/pickle-finance-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hacked For $20 Million - Decrypt] (May 11)

[https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-%2419.7m-hack-2020-11 DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7m Hack] (May 12)

[https://github.com/banteg/evil-jar/blob/master/readme.md evil-jar/readme.md at master · banteg/evil-jar · GitHub] (May 12)

[https://peckshield.medium.com/pickle-incident-root-cause-analysis-5d73496ebc9f Pickle Incident Root Cause Analysis] (May 12)

[https://blockchain.news/news/pickle-finance-defi-protocol-loses-$19.7-million-in-dai-stablecoin-in-massive-hack Pickle Finance DeFi Protocol Loses $19.7 Million In DAI Stablecoin in “Massive” Hack | Blockchain News] (May 12)

[https://cryptopotato.com/hacker-steals-20-million-from-defi-protocol-pickle-finance/ Hacker Steals $20 Million From DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance] (May 12)

[https://twitter.com/picklefinance/status/1331018998150955010 @picklefinance Twitter] (May 12)

[https://twitter.com/emilianobonassi/status/1330239233538318339 @emilianobonassi Twitter] (May 12)

[https://ciphertrace.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/CipherTrace-Cryptocurrency-Crime-and-Anti-Money-Laundering-Report-012821.pdf CipherTrace Cryptocurrency Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Report 2020] (Jun 19)

[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=ETH%20DApp SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (May 17)

[https://www.certik.org/blog/blockchain-hacks-2020-15-billion-lost-how-can-we-mitigate-hacks-in-2021 Blockchain Hacks: 2020 | $15 billion lost, how can we mitigate hacks in 2021? | CertiK Foundation Blog] (Jul 22)

[https://blockthreat.substack.com/p/blockthreat-2020-a-year-in-review No Title] (Aug 2)

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, 17 February 2023
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	{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/pickleinapickle.php}}		{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/pickleinapickle.php}}
			{{Unattributed Citations}}

	[[File:Pickle.jpg\|thumb\|Pickle Finance]]Pickle suffered a complex attack, which can be expected when many different systems are working together and there's a very strong incentive to break in.		[[File:Pickle.jpg\|thumb\|Pickle Finance]]Pickle suffered a complex attack, which can be expected when many different systems are working together and there's a very strong incentive to break in.
Line 6:		Line 7:

	This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.		This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.
			<ref name="halborn-479" /><ref name="cointelegraph-480" /><ref name="coindesk-481" /><ref name="twitterimage-482" /><ref name="vasadeveloptwitter-483" /><ref name="tidalfinancemedium-484" /><ref name="picklefinancemedium-485" /><ref name="decrypt-486" /><ref name="nasdaq-487" /><ref name="github-488" /><ref name="peckshieldmedium-489" /><ref name="blockchain-490" /><ref name="cryptopotato-491" /><ref name="picklefinancetwitter-492" /><ref name="emilianobonassitwitter-493" /><ref name="ciphertrace-1152" /><ref name="slowmisthacked-678" /><ref name="certik-1776" /><ref name="blockthreat-2173" />

	== About Pickle Finance ==		== About Pickle Finance ==
Line 31:		Line 33:

	Don't Include:		Don't Include:

	* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.		* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.
	* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.		* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.
Line 53:		Line 54:
	\|-		\|-
	\|November 21st, 2020 12:00:00 AM		\|November 21st, 2020 12:00:00 AM
	\|~~First~~ Event		\|Main Event
	\|~~This is an expanded~~ description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.		\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
	\|-
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	== Total Amount Lost ==		== Total Amount Lost ==
	The total amount lost ~~is unknown~~.		The total amount lost has been estimated at $19,759,000 USD.

	How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?		How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?
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	== Total Amount Recovered ==		== Total Amount Recovered ==
	~~It is unknown how much was~~ recovered.		There do not appear to have been any funds recovered in this case.

	What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?		What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?
Line 90:		Line 87:

	== References ==		== References ==
	[https://halborn.com/explained-the-defi-protocol-pickle-finance-hack-nov-2020/ Explained: The DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hack (Nov 2020) - Halborn] (May 11)		<references><ref name="halborn-479">[https://halborn.com/explained-the-defi-protocol-pickle-finance-hack-nov-2020/ Explained: The DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hack (Nov 2020) - Halborn] (May 11, 2021)</ref>

	[https://cointelegraph.com/news/pickle-in-a-pickle-as-attacker-swipes-20-million-in-evil-jar-exploit $pickle in a pickle as attacker swipes $20 million in ‘evil jar’ exploit] (May 11)		<ref name="cointelegraph-480">[https://cointelegraph.com/news/pickle-in-a-pickle-as-attacker-swipes-20-million-in-evil-jar-exploit $pickle in a pickle as attacker swipes $20 million in ‘evil jar’ exploit] (May 11, 2021)</ref>

	[https://www.coindesk.com/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-19-7m-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7M Hack - CoinDesk] (May 11)		<ref name="coindesk-481">[https://www.coindesk.com/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-19-7m-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7M Hack - CoinDesk] (May 11, 2021)</ref>

	[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EncADZ-XYAM4RDC?format=jpg&name=4096x4096 Pickle Exploit Overview Diagram] (May 11)		<ref name="twitterimage-482">[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EncADZ-XYAM4RDC?format=jpg&name=4096x4096 Pickle Exploit Overview Diagram] (May 11, 2021)</ref>

	[https://twitter.com/vasa_develop/status/1330532691205361664 @vasa_develop Twitter] (May 11)		<ref name="vasadeveloptwitter-483">[https://twitter.com/vasa_develop/status/1330532691205361664 @vasa_develop Twitter] (May 11, 2021)</ref>

	[https://medium.com/tidal-finance/tidal-defi-attack-user-impact-recap-20-million-pickle-finance-hack-c8b1d74dd3d8 Tidal DeFi Attack User Impact Recap - $20 Million Pickle Finance Hack] (May 11)		<ref name="tidalfinancemedium-484">[https://medium.com/tidal-finance/tidal-defi-attack-user-impact-recap-20-million-pickle-finance-hack-c8b1d74dd3d8 Tidal DeFi Attack User Impact Recap - $20 Million Pickle Finance Hack] (May 11, 2021)</ref>

	[https://picklefinance.medium.com/pickle-was-hacked-and-there-has-been-a-loss-of-funds-414b99969c29 Pickle Was Hacked And There Has Been A Loss Of Funds] (May 11)		<ref name="picklefinancemedium-485">[https://picklefinance.medium.com/pickle-was-hacked-and-there-has-been-a-loss-of-funds-414b99969c29 Pickle Was Hacked And There Has Been A Loss Of Funds] (May 11, 2021)</ref>

	[https://decrypt.co/49149/pickle-finance-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hacked For $20 Million - Decrypt] (May 11)		<ref name="decrypt-486">[https://decrypt.co/49149/pickle-finance-hack DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Hacked For $20 Million - Decrypt] (May 11, 2021)</ref>

	[https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-%2419.7m-hack-2020-11 DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7m Hack] (May 12)		<ref name="nasdaq-487">[https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/defi-protocol-pickle-finance-token-loses-almost-half-its-value-after-%2419.7m-hack-2020-11 DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance Token Loses Almost Half Its Value After $19.7m Hack] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	[https://github.com/banteg/evil-jar/blob/master/readme.md evil-jar/readme.md at master · banteg/evil-jar · GitHub] (May 12)		<ref name="github-488">[https://github.com/banteg/evil-jar/blob/master/readme.md evil-jar/readme.md at master · banteg/evil-jar · GitHub] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	[https://peckshield.medium.com/pickle-incident-root-cause-analysis-5d73496ebc9f Pickle Incident Root Cause Analysis] (May 12)		<ref name="peckshieldmedium-489">[https://peckshield.medium.com/pickle-incident-root-cause-analysis-5d73496ebc9f Pickle Incident Root Cause Analysis] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	[https://blockchain.news/news/pickle-finance-defi-protocol-loses-$19.7-million-in-dai-stablecoin-in-massive-hack Pickle Finance DeFi Protocol Loses $19.7 Million In DAI Stablecoin in “Massive” Hack \| Blockchain News] (May 12)		<ref name="blockchain-490">[https://blockchain.news/news/pickle-finance-defi-protocol-loses-$19.7-million-in-dai-stablecoin-in-massive-hack Pickle Finance DeFi Protocol Loses $19.7 Million In DAI Stablecoin in “Massive” Hack \| Blockchain News] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	[https://cryptopotato.com/hacker-steals-20-million-from-defi-protocol-pickle-finance/ Hacker Steals $20 Million From DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance] (May 12)		<ref name="cryptopotato-491">[https://cryptopotato.com/hacker-steals-20-million-from-defi-protocol-pickle-finance/ Hacker Steals $20 Million From DeFi Protocol Pickle Finance] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	[https://twitter.com/picklefinance/status/1331018998150955010 @picklefinance Twitter] (May 12)		<ref name="picklefinancetwitter-492">[https://twitter.com/picklefinance/status/1331018998150955010 @picklefinance Twitter] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	[https://twitter.com/emilianobonassi/status/1330239233538318339 @emilianobonassi Twitter] (May 12)		<ref name="emilianobonassitwitter-493">[https://twitter.com/emilianobonassi/status/1330239233538318339 @emilianobonassi Twitter] (May 12, 2021)</ref>

	[https://ciphertrace.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/CipherTrace-Cryptocurrency-Crime-and-Anti-Money-Laundering-Report-012821.pdf CipherTrace Cryptocurrency Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Report 2020] (Jun 19)		<ref name="ciphertrace-1152">[https://ciphertrace.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/CipherTrace-Cryptocurrency-Crime-and-Anti-Money-Laundering-Report-012821.pdf CipherTrace Cryptocurrency Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Report 2020] (Jun 19, 2021)</ref>

	[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=ETH%20DApp SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (May 17)		<ref name="slowmisthacked-678">[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=ETH%20DApp SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (May 17, 2021)</ref>

	[https://www.certik.org/blog/blockchain-hacks-2020-15-billion-lost-how-can-we-mitigate-hacks-in-2021 Blockchain Hacks: 2020 \| $15 billion lost, how can we mitigate hacks in 2021? \| CertiK Foundation Blog] (Jul 22)		<ref name="certik-1776">[https://www.certik.org/blog/blockchain-hacks-2020-15-billion-lost-how-can-we-mitigate-hacks-in-2021 Blockchain Hacks: 2020 \| $15 billion lost, how can we mitigate hacks in 2021? \| CertiK Foundation Blog] (Jul 22, 2021)</ref>

	[https://blockthreat.substack.com/p/blockthreat-2020-a-year-in-review No Title] (Aug 2)		<ref name="blockthreat-2173">[https://blockthreat.substack.com/p/blockthreat-2020-a-year-in-review No Title] (Aug 2, 2021)</ref></references>