Coral Finance Reentrancy Attack - Revision history

Azoundria at 16:17, 2 May 2023

2023-05-02T16:17:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:17, 2 May 2023
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	{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/coralfinancereentrancyattack.php}}		{{Imported Case Study 2\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/coralfinancereentrancyattack.php}}
	{{Unattributed ~~Citations~~}}		{{Unattributed Sources}}

	While there is limited information available online, the Coral Finance is another example where a project with a smart contract hot wallet was breached and user funds were lost. In this case, the exploit was related to the way EOS uses wRAM. It does not appear that anything was done to assist affected users in this case, as the project appears to have disappeared.		While there is limited information available online, the Coral Finance is another example where a project with a smart contract hot wallet was breached and user funds were lost. In this case, the exploit was related to the way EOS uses wRAM. It does not appear that anything was done to assist affected users in this case, as the project appears to have disappeared.

	This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.		This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.<ref name="slowmisthacked-3935" /><ref name="slowmistmedium-1123" /><ref name="wombatmedium-4594" /><ref name="crlfinancearchive-4595" /><ref name="discussionsapp-4596" /><ref name="coinmarketcap-4597" />
	<ref name="slowmisthacked-3935" /><ref name="slowmistmedium-1123" /><ref name="wombatmedium-4594" /><ref name="crlfinancearchive-4595" /><ref name="discussionsapp-4596" /><ref name="coinmarketcap-4597" />

	== About Coral Finance ==		== About Coral Finance ==
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	!Description		!Description
	\|-		\|-
	\|September 9th, 2020 ~~12:00:00 AM~~		\|September 9th, 2020
	\|Main Event		\|Main Event
	\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.		\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
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	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

			== Technical Details ==
			This section includes specific detailed technical analysis of any security breaches which happened. What specific software vulnerabilities contributed to the problem and how were they exploited?

	== Total Amount Lost ==		== Total Amount Lost ==
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	== Ongoing Developments ==		== Ongoing Developments ==
	What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?		What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?
			== General Prevention Policies ==
			There are a number of ways to prevent and mitigate this situation. It is far more secure to have the majority of funds in a multi-signature wallet where keys are stored offline by multiple operators. This would limit the potential loss to only those funds being actively needed. Audits can be used to reduce the risks on the hot wallets further, and we advocate at least 2 reviews would be required prior to a project launch. Having known platform operators would ensure a best effort is made to assist them, with a comprehensive industry insurance fund as a fallback in the worst case.
			== Individual Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Individuals:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Individuals:End}}

			== Platform Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Platforms:Placeholder}}

			{{Prevention:Platforms:End}}

			== Regulatory Prevention Policies ==
			{{Prevention:Regulators:Placeholder}}

	== Prevention ~~Policies ==~~		{{Prevention:Regulators:End}}
	There are a number of ways to prevent and mitigate this situation. It is far more secure to have the majority of funds in a multi-signature wallet where keys are stored offline by multiple operators. This would limit the potential loss to only those funds being actively needed. Audits can be used to reduce the risks on the hot wallets further, and we advocate at least 2 reviews would be required prior to a project launch. Having known platform operators would ensure a best effort is made to assist them, with a comprehensive industry insurance fund as a fallback in the worst case.

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references><ref name="slowmisthacked-3935">[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=EOS SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Nov 7, 2021)</ref>		<references><ref name="slowmisthacked-3935">[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=EOS SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Nov 8, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="slowmistmedium-1123">[https://slowmist.medium.com/slowmist-2020-blockchain-security-and-privacy-events-f5d47d3e4042 Slowmist 2020 Blockchain Security And Privacy Events] (Jun 4, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="slowmistmedium-1123">[https://slowmist.medium.com/slowmist-2020-blockchain-security-and-privacy-events-f5d47d3e4042 Slowmist 2020 Blockchain Security And Privacy Events] (Jun 5, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="wombatmedium-4594">[https://medium.com/wombat/beginners-guide-to-defibox-9f9c712f5a64 Beginners Guide To Defibox] (Dec 18, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="wombatmedium-4594">[https://medium.com/wombat/beginners-guide-to-defibox-9f9c712f5a64 Beginners Guide To Defibox] (Dec 19, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="crlfinancearchive-4595">[https://web.archive.org/web/20201025071822/https://crl.finance/ Coral Finance] (Dec 18, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="crlfinancearchive-4595">[https://web.archive.org/web/20201025071822/https://crl.finance/ Coral Finance] (Dec 19, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="discussionsapp-4596">[https://discussions.app/tag/Defibox #Defibox - Search] (Dec 19, 2021)</ref>		<ref name="discussionsapp-4596">[https://discussions.app/tag/Defibox #Defibox - Search] (Dec 20, 2021)</ref>

	<ref name="coinmarketcap-4597">[https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/ https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/] (Dec 19, 2021)</ref></references>		<ref name="coinmarketcap-4597">[https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/ https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/] (Dec 20, 2021)</ref></references>

Azoundria at 17:22, 17 February 2023

2023-02-17T17:22:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:22, 17 February 2023
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	{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/coralfinancereentrancyattack.php}}		{{Imported Case Study\|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/coralfinancereentrancyattack.php}}
			{{Unattributed Citations}}

	While there is limited information available online, the Coral Finance is another example where a project with a smart contract hot wallet was breached and user funds were lost. In this case, the exploit was related to the way EOS uses wRAM. It does not appear that anything was done to assist affected users in this case, as the project appears to have disappeared.		While there is limited information available online, the Coral Finance is another example where a project with a smart contract hot wallet was breached and user funds were lost. In this case, the exploit was related to the way EOS uses wRAM. It does not appear that anything was done to assist affected users in this case, as the project appears to have disappeared.

	This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.		This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.
			<ref name="slowmisthacked-3935" /><ref name="slowmistmedium-1123" /><ref name="wombatmedium-4594" /><ref name="crlfinancearchive-4595" /><ref name="discussionsapp-4596" /><ref name="coinmarketcap-4597" />

	== About Coral Finance ==		== About Coral Finance ==
Line 29:		Line 31:

	Don't Include:		Don't Include:

	* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.		* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.
	* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.		* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.
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	\|-		\|-
	\|September 9th, 2020 12:00:00 AM		\|September 9th, 2020 12:00:00 AM
	\|~~First~~ Event		\|Main Event
	\|~~This is an expanded~~ description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.		\|Expand this into a brief description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
	\|-
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	== Total Amount Lost ==		== Total Amount Lost ==
	The total amount lost ~~is unknown~~.		The total amount lost has been estimated at $334,000 USD.

	How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?		How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?
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	== Total Amount Recovered ==		== Total Amount Recovered ==
	~~It is unknown how much was~~ recovered.		There do not appear to have been any funds recovered in this case.

	What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?		What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?
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	== References ==		== References ==
	[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=EOS SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Nov 7)		<references><ref name="slowmisthacked-3935">[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=EOS SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Nov 7, 2021)</ref>

	[https://slowmist.medium.com/slowmist-2020-blockchain-security-and-privacy-events-f5d47d3e4042 Slowmist 2020 Blockchain Security And Privacy Events] (Jun 4)		<ref name="slowmistmedium-1123">[https://slowmist.medium.com/slowmist-2020-blockchain-security-and-privacy-events-f5d47d3e4042 Slowmist 2020 Blockchain Security And Privacy Events] (Jun 4, 2021)</ref>

	[https://medium.com/wombat/beginners-guide-to-defibox-9f9c712f5a64 Beginners Guide To Defibox] (Dec 18)		<ref name="wombatmedium-4594">[https://medium.com/wombat/beginners-guide-to-defibox-9f9c712f5a64 Beginners Guide To Defibox] (Dec 18, 2021)</ref>

	[https://web.archive.org/web/20201025071822/https://crl.finance/ Coral Finance] (Dec 18)		<ref name="crlfinancearchive-4595">[https://web.archive.org/web/20201025071822/https://crl.finance/ Coral Finance] (Dec 18, 2021)</ref>

	[https://discussions.app/tag/Defibox #Defibox - Search] (Dec 19)		<ref name="discussionsapp-4596">[https://discussions.app/tag/Defibox #Defibox - Search] (Dec 19, 2021)</ref>

	[https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/ https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/] (Dec 19)		<ref name="coinmarketcap-4597">[https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/ https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/] (Dec 19, 2021)</ref></references>

Azoundria: Created page with "{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/coralfinancereentrancyattack.php}} While there is limited information available online, the Coral Finance is another example where a project with a smart contract hot wallet was breached and user funds were lost. In this case, the exploit was related to the way EOS uses wRAM. It does not appear that anything was done to assist affected users in this case, as the project appears to have disappeared..."

2023-01-25T17:58:51Z

Created page with "{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/coralfinancereentrancyattack.php}} While there is limited information available online, the Coral Finance is another example where a project with a smart contract hot wallet was breached and user funds were lost. In this case, the exploit was related to the way EOS uses wRAM. It does not appear that anything was done to assist affected users in this case, as the project appears to have disappeared..."

New page

{{Imported Case Study|source=https://www.quadrigainitiative.com/casestudy/coralfinancereentrancyattack.php}}

While there is limited information available online, the Coral Finance is another example where a project with a smart contract hot wallet was breached and user funds were lost. In this case, the exploit was related to the way EOS uses wRAM. It does not appear that anything was done to assist affected users in this case, as the project appears to have disappeared.

This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.

== About Coral Finance ==
"Earn Coral tokens by staking Tokens or providing liquidity." "In most cases, you will have to stake your LP tokens to receive rewards, like on Coral.network. If you stake your LP tokens, it means that you’re kind of renting out the rights to withdraw your liquidity to the platform. However, you can typically reclaim your LP tokens at any time if you want to get your liquidity back."

DefiBox Foundation released the following statement concerning Coral, “Coral Finance is independently developed by the community, it has completed multi-signature of contract and open source code. The Defibox Foundation appreciates this. Therefore, after the Coral Finance project contacted Defibox Foundation, we decided to support it.“

"The wRAM of the EOS ecological DeFi liquidity mining project Coral was attacked by hackers and lost more than 120,000 EOS."

"On September 10, the wRAM of the EOS ecological DeFi liquidity mining project “Coral” was attacked by hackers and lost more than 120,000 EOS."

This is a global/international case not involving a specific country.

The background of the exchange platform, service, or individuals involved, as it would have been seen or understood at the time of the events.

Include:

* Known history of when and how the service was started.
* What problems does the company or service claim to solve?
* What marketing materials were used by the firm or business?
* Audits performed, and excerpts that may have been included.
* Business registration documents shown (fake or legitimate).
* How were people recruited to participate?
* Public warnings and announcements prior to the event.

Don't Include:

* Any wording which directly states or implies that the business is/was illegitimate, or that a vulnerability existed.
* Anything that wasn't reasonably knowable at the time of the event.
There could be more than one section here. If the same platform is involved with multiple incidents, then it can be linked to a main article page.

== The Reality ==
This sections is included if a case involved deception or information that was unknown at the time. Examples include:

* When the service was actually started (if different than the "official story").
* Who actually ran a service and their own personal history.
* How the service was structured behind the scenes. (For example, there was no "trading bot".)
* Details of what audits reported and how vulnerabilities were missed during auditing.

== What Happened ==
The specific events of the loss and how it came about. What actually happened to cause the loss and some of the events leading up to it.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key Event Timeline - Coral Finance Reentrancy Attack
!Date
!Event
!Description
|-
|September 9th, 2020 12:00:00 AM
|First Event
|This is an expanded description of what happened and the impact. If multiple lines are necessary, add them here.
|-
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|}

== Total Amount Lost ==
The total amount lost is unknown.

How much was lost and how was it calculated? If there are conflicting reports, which are accurate and where does the discrepancy lie?

== Immediate Reactions ==
How did the various parties involved (firm, platform, management, and/or affected individual(s)) deal with the events? Were services shut down? Were announcements made? Were groups formed?

== Ultimate Outcome ==
What was the end result? Was any investigation done? Were any individuals prosecuted? Was there a lawsuit? Was any tracing done?

== Total Amount Recovered ==
It is unknown how much was recovered.

What funds were recovered? What funds were reimbursed for those affected users?

== Ongoing Developments ==
What parts of this case are still remaining to be concluded?

== Prevention Policies ==
There are a number of ways to prevent and mitigate this situation. It is far more secure to have the majority of funds in a multi-signature wallet where keys are stored offline by multiple operators. This would limit the potential loss to only those funds being actively needed. Audits can be used to reduce the risks on the hot wallets further, and we advocate at least 2 reviews would be required prior to a project launch. Having known platform operators would ensure a best effort is made to assist them, with a comprehensive industry insurance fund as a fallback in the worst case.

== References ==
[https://hacked.slowmist.io/en/?c=EOS SlowMist Hacked - SlowMist Zone] (Nov 7)

[https://slowmist.medium.com/slowmist-2020-blockchain-security-and-privacy-events-f5d47d3e4042 Slowmist 2020 Blockchain Security And Privacy Events] (Jun 4)

[https://medium.com/wombat/beginners-guide-to-defibox-9f9c712f5a64 Beginners Guide To Defibox] (Dec 18)

[https://web.archive.org/web/20201025071822/https://crl.finance/ Coral Finance] (Dec 18)

[https://discussions.app/tag/Defibox #Defibox - Search] (Dec 19)

[https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/ https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/eos/historical-data/] (Dec 19)